Lycium barbarum L.

Matrimony vine (en), Lyciet (fr), Lyciet commun (fr), Lyciet de Barbarie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Lycium

Characteristics

Deciduous, glabrous or glabrate shrub, 0.3-2 m high, generally with some long arching branches; spines scattered, rather soft and flexible. Lvs shortly petiolate, on mature stems, often in fascicles on spineless short spur shoots. Lamina 10-50 × 5-15 mm, oblong, lanceolate, ovate, sub-rhombic or sometimes obovate; base narrowly to broadly cuneate; apex usually acute, less commonly obtuse. Fls usually solitary, less commonly 2-3 together, on short spurs; pedicels 3-12 mm long at flowering. Calyx 2-3 mm long, campanulate; lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or acute. Corolla 10-13 mm long; tube narrow-cylindric; lobes 5-7 mm long, elliptic-ovate, light purple inside; apex rounded. Filaments hairy at base. Fr. (1)-2-3 cm long, ± oblong to ovoid-oblong, red.
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Shrub to 2.5 m with weak, arching branches; lateral branches often few, reduced to short, leafless spines. Leaves ovate to elliptic, scarcely fleshy when fresh, green; clustered leaves to 25 mm long, single alternate leaves to 55 mm long, persistent, usually acute. Pedicels 6–15 mm long. Calyx campanulate to broadly ellipsoid, 3–4 mm long, sometimes 2–lipped. Corolla 10–12 mm long, pale mauve towards limb, the lobes deep mauve above; limb strongly reflexed. Stamens 5, exserted for 3–8 mm. Pistil 8–11.5 mm long. Fruiting calyx split deeply once or twice. Berry ellipsoid, 3–4 mm diam., red, with c. 20 seeds. Seeds 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, yellowish.
Glabrous shrubs with long, weak, generally sparsely thorny, arched or climbing branches, 1–6 m; lvs short-petiolate, entire, elliptic to lanceolate, ovate, or oblanceolate, to 7 × 3.5 cm on vigorous young shoots, or only 1.5 × 0.3 cm on older ones; pedicels 0.7–2 cm; cor lavender or purplish, 9–14 mm, with (4)5 broad, spreading lobes shorter than to about equaling the tube; berry ellipsoid or ovoid, 1–2 cm, red, 10–20-seeded; 2n=24. Native of Eurasia, occasionally escaped from cult. in our range. June–Sept. (L. chinense; L. halimifolium)
A deciduous shrub or vine. It can be erect or spreading. It grows 3 m high. The branches are weak and arching. The side branches end in short leafless spines. It forms suckers freely. The leaves are oval and grey-green and taper to the tip. They are 2-5 cm long and 1 cm wide. The flowers are lilac-purple and shaped like tubes. They have 5 petals. The flowers are self fertile, so only one plant is needed to set fruit. They are in clusters of 1 to 4. The fruit are oval and orange red berries. These are 25 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is grown as a hedge. It does well in coastal sites and on unstable sandy banks. It is best in full sun. It can with stand cold temperatures. It can also tolerate hot summers. It can grow on a wide range of soils. It cannot tolerate water-logging. It suits hardiness zones 6-10. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Hedges, on walls and waste ground.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The leaves are used for flavouring. The dried red fruit are eaten in tonic soups and stew of poultry, meat or turtle. The leaves and fruit are used for making tea. The fruit can be eaten fresh or dried for later use. They are used for juice, jams, pies, desserts and sauces.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal poison tea
Edible flowers fruits leaves shoots
Therapeutic use Ascites (aerial part), Digestive system diseases (aerial part), Hemorrhoids (aerial part), Pruritus (aerial part), Toothache (aerial part), Anthelmintics (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Antifungal agents (fruit), Aphrodisiacs (fruit), Abscess (leaf), Fertility agents (leaf), Gout (leaf), Abscess (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Antifungal agents (root), Anti-bacterial agents (shoot), Antifungal agents (shoot), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Hyperglycemia (unspecified), Impotency (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Vertigo (unspecified), Ache(Back) (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Pertussis (unspecified), Aging (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Ascariasis (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Menstruation-inducing agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity weak toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They can be grown from seed. Plants can also be grown from young shoot cuttings. The stems can be pegged down and roots allowed to form by layering. These can then be separated and planted. Plants should be spaced 1 m apart. They are best near a fence to scramble over.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lycium barbarum habit picture by Antoine Ambard (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum habit picture by Krzysztof Golucki (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum habit picture by Jäger Latein (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lycium barbarum leaf picture by Chlad Martin (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum leaf picture by joelle bourgain (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum leaf picture by margaux sagne (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lycium barbarum flower picture by Chlad Martin (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum flower picture by Lutz KÖPCKE (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum flower picture by Petra Beversdorff (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lycium barbarum fruit picture by Anne-Marie CORBEL (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum fruit picture by Claude Ecochard (cc-by-sa)
Lycium barbarum fruit picture by Nicolas Crosse (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lycium barbarum world distribution map, present in Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Lebanon, Mauritius, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:814512-1
WFO ID wfo-0001022663
COL ID 3WKGV
BDTFX ID 40437
INPN ID 106965
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lycium europaeum f. lanceolata Lycium dunalianum Boberella halimifolia Jasminoides flaccidum Lycium lanceolatum Lycium vulgare Lycium barbarum Lycium europaeum var. lanceolata Lycium halimifolium Lycium turbinatum Lycium turcomanicum Teremis elliptica Teremis turbinata Lycium vulgare Lycium barbarum var. auranticarpum Lycium vulgare subsp. normale Lycium vulgare var. turcomanica Lycium chinense var. turbinatum Lycium vulgare subsp. barbarum Lycium barbarum

Lower taxons

Lycium barbarum 'FPW03' Lycium barbarum 'FPW07' Lycium barbarum 'Smnlbbb'