Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.

Japanese climbing fern (en)

Species

Pteridophytes > Schizaeales > Lygodiaceae > Lygodium

Characteristics

Rhizome wide-creeping, dichotomously branched, 2-5 mm diameter, densely clothed with dark brown hairs, fronds commonly 5-10 mm apart. Juvenile fronds erect, the first branching an unequal dichotomy (always?), the two main branches of large fronds bipinnate, deltoid in outline, with palmatisect leaflets, their margins doubly serrate. Rachis of climbing fronds hardly 2 mm diameter, glabrous apart from minute hairs on the flattened adaxial surface between the narrow wings; primary rachis-branches 3-10 mm long, the dormant apex covered with pale hairs; secondary branches of fronds on young or stunted plants pinnate, on well-grown fronds bipinnate or tripinnate, deltoid in outline, commonly 12 cm long and wide, rachises densely short-hairy on the upper surface and bearing fewer longer hairs elsewhere; sterile tertiary leaflets of lower rachis-branches palmate with 5-7 lobes, the middle lobe much longer than the laterals, tertiary leaflets higher up the leaf trilobed with an elongate middle lobe or pinnate with small oblique and often lobed quaternary leaflets and a usually deltoid-pinnatisect terminal leaflet about 3 cm long, edges acutely biserrate, apex obtuse or subacute; stalks of leaflets to 3 mm long, never articulate or thickened at the apex; costae usually bearing long scattered hairs, veins and surfaces usually glabrous but sometimes short-hairy; fertile secondary branches tripinnate, the leaflets smaller than sterile ones, sorophores 2-12 mm long; indusia glabrous or with a few hairs if the lamina is hairy; spores finely verrucose.
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Rhizome widely creeping, dichotomously branched, 2-5 mm in diam., densely clothed with dark brown hairs, fronds commonly 5-10 mm apart. Juvenile fronds erect, first branching an unequal dichotomy (?always), two main branches of large fronds bipinnate, deltoid in outline, with palmatisect pinnae, pinna margins doubly serrate. Rachis of climbing fronds hardly ca. 2 mm in diam., glabrous except for minute hairs on flattened adaxial surface between narrow wings; primary rachis branches 3-10 mm, dormant apex covered with pale hairs; secondary branches of fronds on young or stunted plants pinnate, on well-grown fronds bipinnate or tripinnate, deltoid in outline, commonly ca. 12 cm long and wide, rachises densely shortly hairy on adaxial surface and with fewer longer hairs elsewhere; sterile tertiary pinnae of lower rachis branches palmate with 5-7 lobes, middle lobe much longer than lateral lobes, tertiary pinnae higher up frond 3-lobed with an elongate middle lobe or pinnate with small oblique and often lobed quaternary pinnae and a usually deltoid-pinnatisect terminal pinna ca. 3 cm, margins acutely biserrate, apex obtuse or subacute; stalks of pinnae up to 3 mm, never articulate or thickened at apex; costae usually with long scattered hairs, veins and surfaces usually glabrous but sometimes shortly hairy; fertile secondary branches tripinnate, pinnae smaller than sterile pinnae, sorophores 2-12 mm; indusia glabrous or with few hairs if lamina hairy; spores finely low tuberculate to verrucose with prominent laesurae.
Rhizome short-creeping. Juvenile fronds unknown. Rachis sparsely pubescent, subterete, flattened on 1 side with ridged edges; primary rachis branches c. 2 mm long; secondary pinnae broadly lanceolate-triangular, 10–17 cm long, 7–17 cm wide, often broader than long, 3-pinnate; pinnule stalks reducing in length towards pinna apex; basal tertiary pinnules 3–8 cm long, 2.5–8 cm wide; ultimate pinnules ovate, lanceolate to triangular; sterile ones fused, palmately-lobed; terminal lobe much longer, membranous, sparsely pubescent; base ±hastate; margins entire or crenulate; veins free; sporogenous pinnules smaller and more finely dissected than sterile ones. Sporogenous lobes 1–5 mm long.
Stems creeping. Leaves to ca. 3(-30) m. Petioles borne 2-7 mm apart, 10-35 cm. Sterile pinnae on 1.5-3.5 cm stalks, triangular to lanceolate, 2-3-pinnate, 6-15 × 5.5-15 cm; ultimate segments lanceolate, lobed or divided proximally; lobes usually acute at tip and directed toward apex; segment apices long-attenuate to acute; segments not articulate to petiolules, not leaving wiry stalks when detached; blade tissue pubescent abaxially with short, curved hairs. Fertile pinnae on 1-2 cm stalks, lanceolate-triangular, 2-3-pinnate, 5-18 × 4-14 cm; ultimate segments ovate to lanceolate, fringed with fertile lobes, otherwise similiar to sterile segments.
A climbing fern. It is a herb. It forms dense climbing patches to 3 m tall. The rootstock is long and creeping and much branched. The fronds are bright green. The leaves are compound. They are divided 3 times. The leaflets are 5-12 cm long by 1-1.5 cm wide. There are teeth along the edge. The sterile fronds are more broad. The fertile segments are 0.6-1.5 cm long. The spore bodies are large and in two rows. They can be carried in the wind.
Rhizome creeping, up to 4 mm in diam. Fronds up to 10 m long. Rachis brown, glabrous, twining, with secondary rachises up to 5 mm long at irregular intervals, dichotomously branched, with an aborted, densely haired bud centrally, ultimate branches with alternate to 2-pinnate. Pinnae: sterile up to 40 mm long, proximally basiscopically developed, denticulate; fertile up to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, with linear fertile segments up to 9 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination autogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 5.0
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Climbing in secondary Vegetation, at altitudes up to 2550 m; only found native in regions with a pronounced dry season, during which fronds perhaps die (no records in Malaysia); absent from Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula (except perhaps the extreme north). Small forms are not always clearly distinct from L. flexuosum.
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A tropical and subtropical plant. It suits the tropics. In Nepal it grows between 1000-3900 m altitude. It grows in moist, shady places. It grows in Northern Western Australia and southern Queensland. In Yunnan.
Climbing through trees and shrubs in secondary forest at elevations up to 2,550 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-12

Usage

The tender fronds are cooked as a vegetable. They are cooked in stir-fries and soup.
Uses environmental use fiber material medicinal
Edible fronds leaves
Therapeutic use Alexiteric (unspecified), Antiphlogistic (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Hematuria (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Stone (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Urethritis (unspecified), Blennorrhagia (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from spores. They are more commonly grown from rooted layers. Plants respond to fertiliser.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lygodium japonicum habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Lygodium japonicum habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Lygodium japonicum habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lygodium japonicum leaf picture by Kimberly J. (cc-by-sa)
Lygodium japonicum leaf picture by Krystal Wahl (cc-by-sa)
Lygodium japonicum leaf picture by Bryan Wade (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lygodium japonicum world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Cambodia, Korea (Republic of), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17143040-1
WFO ID wfo-0000748052
COL ID 3WQ7S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lygodium finlaysonianum Ophioglossum japonicum Hydroglossum dissectum Lygodium dissectum Trichomanes cochinchinense Lygodium cochinchinense Lygodium microstachyum Lygodium microphyllum Lygodium pubescens Lygodium tenue Hydroglossum japonicum Lygodium chaerophylloides Adiantum scandens Davallia scandens Lygodium japonicum var. microstachyum Lygodium microstachyum var. glabrescens Lygodium japonicum f. elongata Lygodium mearnsii Lygodium japonicum