Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br.

Small-leaf climbing fern (en)

Species

Pteridophytes > Schizaeales > Lygodiaceae > Lygodium

Characteristics

Rhizome wide-creeping, dichotomously branched, 2.5 mm diameter, densely clothed with short spreading brownish-black hairs. Juvenile fronds small, commonly once dichotomous (the stipe distinctly winged below the dichotomy), each branch bearing a 4-lobed leaflet not jointed at the base, lobes 3-5 cm long and c. 5 mm wide, thin, glabrous, edges crenately toothed (teeth larger towards apex where veins are unbranched). Rachis of climbing fronds glabrous, commonly 2-3 m long, hardly 1.5 mm diameter; primary branches 4 mm or more long, ending in a dormant apex covered with dark brown hairs; secondary rachis-branches pinnate, in all to about 15 cm long, with 3-6 stalked leaflets on each side (stalks 2-4 mm long) and a similar or geminate terminal leaflet; leaflets quite glabrous, mostly ovate (sterile leaflets often elongate with broader base on young plants), 1-4 cm long (sterile ones sometimes to 6 cm), 6-18 mm wide, edges of sterile ones minutely crenate, a joint always present at base of blade, where the wing which in other species connects stalk and lamina is constricted; fertile leaflets usually shorter than sterile but with lamina hardly narrowed, sorophores 4-6 mm long; spores with a raised reticulum on the outer surface.
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Rhizome subterranean, 3 mm in diameter, producing fronds 40-130 mm apart; hairs on rhizome c. 1.5 mm long. Fronds up to 10 x 0.30 m, twining, matt grey-green, up to 2 mm in diameter, producing secondary rhachises; aborted apical bud densely dotted with brown multicellular hairs 1-4 mm long; sterile pinnules petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, up to 62 x 18 mm, base cordate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous, margin minutely crenate,-veins free; fertile pinnules broadly lanceolate to oblong, 15-45 x 10-18 mm (excluding fertile lobes), base cordate, apex acute to rounded, glabrous, margin minutely crenate with fertile linear lobes up to 8 x 1 mm, produced at irregular intervals, bearing up to 25 sporangia in 2 rows.
Stems creeping. Leaves to ca. 10 m. Petioles borne 2-5 mm apart, 7-25 cm. Sterile pinnae on 0.5-1.5 cm stalks, oblong, 1-pinnate, 5-12 × 3-6 cm; ultimate segments triangular-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, truncate to shallowly cordate or somewhat auriculate proximally, usually not lobed, but if lobed, lobes rounded at apex and not directed toward leaf apex; segment apex rounded-acute to obtuse; segments articulate to petiolules, leaving wiry stalks when detached; blade tissue glabrous abaxially. Fertile pinnae on 0.5-1 cm stalks, oblong, 1-pinnate, 3-14 × 2.5-6 cm; ultimate segments ovate to lanceolate-oblong, fringed with fertile lobes, otherwise similar to sterile segments.
Rhizome long-creeping. Juvenile fronds once-forked; pinnae 4-lobed; margins crenate. Rachis subterete, flattened to slightly depressed on 1 side with ridged edges, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; primary rachis branches 2–5.5 mm long; secondary pinnae oblong, 1-pinnate, rarely 2-pinnate at base, 4–20 cm long, 2.5–10 cm wide; pinnule stalks of similar length to pinna apex; ultimate pinnules 2–5 cm long, 8–25 mm wide, membranous; laminal portion deciduous, ovate to lanceolate; base truncate to cuneate; margins finely or often obscurely crenulate; veins free; sterile pinnules usually longer than sporogenous ones. Sporogenous lobes 1.5–8 mm long.
A climbing fern which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 1-3 m long and spreads 30-90 cm wide. It has slender twining stems. The leaf is the climbing part. The stalk branches and produces 6-10 small fronds. The leaves are smooth fronds. They are divided into leaflets along the stalk. The leaflets are light green with short stalks. The leaflets are 6 cm long. The edges have fine teeth. The spores are produced on fertile leaflets which are smaller than the others. These ones have lobes on the edge. The slender, horizontal, underground stems are fleshy and brittle.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.3 - 0.9
Mature height (meter) 5.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It can grow in warm temperate regions. It grows naturally in monsoon forest near freshwater streams. It grows naturally in mountain forest. It can form thickets in swampy coastal country. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. Mt Cootha Botanical Gardens.
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Edges of secondary forest, or climbing woody plants in open places, sometimes as a weed; in clay soil, or in swamps in regions subject to a dry season; from the lowlands to c. 1300 m.
Edge of secondary forest or as a climber on woody plants, bushes or on branches of tall trees, usually on dry slopes in open areas.
Grows in open places in forest, forest margins, and occasionally in swamps and on rock faces.
Light -
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses. Native medicine (leaves macerated and mixed with lime for open wound), magic; young leaves edible; rachises of old leaves used for string and for plaiting.
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The fleshy underground stems have been recorded as eaten. The young leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses environmental use fiber food material medicinal social use
Edible fronds leaves rhizomes roots shoots
Therapeutic use Dysentery (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from layers or less commonly from spores.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Lygodium microphyllum leaf picture by Pablo Lizondo (cc-by-sa)
Lygodium microphyllum leaf picture by Sandra Galbraith (cc-by-sa)
Lygodium microphyllum leaf picture by Kath Little (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lygodium microphyllum world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Guam, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Mali, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nepal, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Chad, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Lygodium microphyllum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17143140-1
WFO ID wfo-0001109621
COL ID 3WQ88
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 673603
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lygodium microphyllum Ugena microphylla Ophioglossum filiforme Lygodium scandens var. intermedium Lygodium scandens var. microphyllum