Macadamia ternifolia F.Muell.

Species

Angiosperms > Proteales > Proteaceae > Macadamia

Characteristics

Tree 5-15(-20) m by c. 30 cm, often several-stemmed; no buttresses. Leaves mostly in whorls of 3 or subalternate (very rarely in whorls of 4 on some branchlets of a very young plant), oblong to oblanceolate, acute to obtuse, sometimes retuse, tapering to the base, coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so, in earlier stages irregularly spiny-dentate with up to 10 teeth on each side, in later stages entire, 5-15 by 2-3(-4½) cm; nerves 7-12 pairs; petiole 4-15 mm. Racemes axillary, usually near the ends of slender foliated shoots, but occasionally on leafless shoots resulting in a compound inflorescence, ± pendulous, 8-15(-20) cm, sparingly puberulous. Flowers in pairs or solitary, cream or whitish. Bracts subovate-subulate, minute. Pedicels free, slender, 3-4 mm. Perianth segments finely puberulous outside, 8-11 mm. Stamens inserted c. 5 mm above the base of the perianth-segments; connective short, obtuse. Disk glands united in a shortly dentate ring. Ovary rufous-villous; style after anthesis 10-13 mm, rufous-hairy near the base, glabrous elsewhere. Fruit globose, green, 2.5 cm diam., rarely larger, pericarp c. 2-3 mm thick, splitting open on one side. Seed mostly 1, globular, rarely 2, semiglobose, with a smooth, hard, thick (2-4(-5) mm) testa.
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Small multi-stemmed tree to 8 m tall. Adult leaves in whorls of 3; petiole 4-10 mm long; lamina narrowly ovate, 9-12.5 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide, dull above, paler below, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous; base attenuate; margin somewhat undulate, antrorsely spinose; apex acute, mucronate; midrib prominent below, slightly sunken above. Conflorescence simple; rachis 5-18 cm long; bract oblong, 1-5 mm long. Tepals 6-8.5 mm long, pink. Filaments 4-7 mm long, adnate to tepals for 0.5-6 mm. Anthers 1-2 mm long. Ovary 0.4-1 mm long; style 5-10 mm long. Fruit 14-22 mm long, 13-22 mm wide; pericarp c. 1.5-3.5 mm thick. Seeds globose to broadly ovoid, c. 16 mm long, c. 12 mm wide; testa c. 1 mm thick, smooth.
A medium size evergreen tree. It has a bushy habit. It grows 5-10 m tall. The young shoots are pink. Young leaves are long and toothed at the edge. The leaves are 10-18 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. The leaves mostly occur in rings of three. They are stiff, leathery and dark green. Flowers are in stalked clusters 10-20 cm long. They are produced in the axils of leaves and hang downwards. The flowers are 0.8 cm long and pink. The fruit are 1.5-2 cm long and are produced in a hanging cluster. The nuts are smooth, woody, and rounded with a point at the tip.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.5 - 9.0
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In Queensland in rain-forest both under everwet and seasonal conditions; its drought-resisting qualities make it of value for semi-arid regions while its ornamental appearance recommends it for garden-culture in tropical and subtropical areas. Fl. May-Oct., fr. Jan.-Febr.
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It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It does well with temperatures about 22-26°C. It suits a light sandy loam with pH 5.5-7.5. In Papua New Guinea it does well at 1000 to 1200 m altitude and will grow up to 1700 m.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. The nuts are similar in shape to hazelnuts, but have a very hard shell; thin-shelled (1 mm) strains are now under cultivation in Australia. The flavour of the nut is said to have a finer aroma than that of the hazelnut. The tree is said to begin to fruit at 3 to 8 years. The timber is of small size, but very useful, red, firm, the structure is fine, and takes a good polish; useful for turning, cabinet-and veneer-work.
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The nuts are edible. The nuts yield an oil used with salads.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal oil poison timber
Edible nuts
Therapeutic use Cyanogenetic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees are mostly grown from seed. They can be grown from cuttings. Pruning increases branching. A spacing of 5 to 10 m is suitable.
Mode cuttings seedlings
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Images

Macadamia ternifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Macadamia ternifolia world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Honduras, Mozambique, Malaysia, Niue, Pakistan, and Taiwan, Province of China

Conservation status

Macadamia ternifolia threat status: Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:705199-1
WFO ID wfo-0000452230
COL ID 3WWR2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 455497
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Macadamia ternifolia Macadamia minor Macadamia lowii Helicia ternifolia