Macrothelypteris polypodioides (Hook.) Holttum

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Thelypteridaceae > Phegopteridoideae > Macrothelypteris

Characteristics

Plants ca. 1.5 m tall. Rhizomes short, decumbent, thick, with ascending apex. Fronds tufted; stipes ca. 80 cm, pale, dull, basal half at least bearing copious slender hairs and scales; scales thin, pale, linear, bearing copious very slender unicellular hairs and sometimes a few of more than one cell, base of scales thick and dark, of larger ones flat, of smaller ones terete, leaving warts when scales fall; main rachises pale, hairy as stipe, with many small warts abaxially; laminae ca. 80 cm; basal 2 or 3 pairs of pinnae to 35 × 15 cm, upper ones gradually shortened; basal pinnules of lower pinnae somewhat shortened; pinna rachis hairy adaxially, with narrow pale scales abaxially; largest pinnules sessile, ca. 10 × 2.5 cm, acuminate at apices, almost at right angle to pinna rachis, segments all with broad bases connected by a very narrow wing along costae; costae densely hairy adaxially (sparsely hairy on costules), abaxially with very narrow pale scales, short capitate hairs also present; segments almost at right angles to costae, larger ones deeply lobed. Veinlets forked or shortly pinnate, laminae adaxially bearing capitate hairs. Sori small, on acroscopic branch of a vein; indusium small, persistent, bearing many short capitate hairs; sporangia with 2 or 3 similar capitate hairs near annulus; spores not winged, surface apparently minutely and irregularly granular.
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Rhizome short-creeping with ascending apex, scaly; scales brown, to c. 20 mm long, to 1 mm wide, thickened near the base, clothed with acicular and capitate hairs. Frond 60–150 cm long, herbaceous, dull green, becoming yellowed in exposed situations. Stipe to 80 cm long, pale brown, not glaucous, bearing abundant pale yellow capitate hairs, and clothed, especially in lower half, with slender whitish hairs and pale brown scales; scales similar to those on the rhizome; scale bases persistent as warty protuberances. Lamina deeply 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, ovate to narrowly ovate, to 80 cm long, 70 cm wide; basal pinnae the largest, c. 10–35 cm long and 2–15 cm wide; largest secondary pinnae to 10 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, with tertiary pinnae connected by a very narrow wing along costa; upper surface of lamina between the veins glabrous; lower surface with short capitate hairs; both surfaces of rachis, costae and costules with acicular hairs as on stipe; lower surfaces bearing scattered whitish to pale brown narrow ciliate basally thickened scales to 3 mm long, grading distally to septate hairs; veins free, simple or forked. Sori small, on acroscopic branch of a vein; indusium small, rounded-reniform, persistent, bearing many short capitate hairs; sporangia with 1–3 capitate hairs near the annulus.
Caudex short, prostrate; stipe to 80 cm long, pale, basal half at least bearing copious acicular and capitate hairs and scales; scales thin, pale, to 20 mm long, hardly 1 mm wide at thickened base, bearing acicular hairs on surface near base, distally on edges, old stipe covered with wart-like bases of fallen scales. Lamina to 80 cm long; lower pinnae to 35 x 15 cm, rest gradually smaller; lower surface of rachis (sparsely) and pinna-rachis (copiously) bearing narrow pale scales to 3 mm long, 0.3 mm wide with thickened bases and slender patent marginal hairs; largest pinnules 10 x 2.5 cm, almost at right angles to pinna-rachis, with tertiary leaflets connected by a very narrow wing on costa; upper surface of costa densely hairy, of costules sparsely, very narrow hair-pointed and eiliate scales on lower surface of costa grading distally to slender septate hairs; tertiary leaflets at right angles to costa, larger ones deeply lobed, capitate hairs on lower surface. Sori small, on acroscopic branch of a vein; indusia small, with capitate hairs; sporangia with capitate hairs.
Life form -
Growth form herb
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Foliage retention deciduous
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Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.15
Root system rhizome
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Nitrogen fixer -
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Environment

In Queensland grows on exposed slopes, road cuttings and land slips.
More
At low altitudes, to 700 m, on edge of forest.
Light -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Images

Macrothelypteris polypodioides unspecified picture

Distribution

Macrothelypteris polypodioides world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Indonesia, India, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Vanuatu, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17443860-1
WFO ID wfo-0001127123
COL ID 3XBWK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448081
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Macrothelypteris polypodioides Lastrea leucolepis Macrothelypteris leucolepis Cheilanthes gigantea Alsophila polypodioides Polypodium cheilanthoides Phegopteris cheilanthoides Polypodium pallidum Dryopteris leucolepis Thelypteris leucolepis