Magnolia virginiana L.

Sweetbay (en), Magnolia de Virginie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Magnoliaceae > Magnolia

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees , evergreen to partly evergreen or deciduous, multitrunked to 10m, or single-trunked to 28 m. Bark dark gray, smooth. Pith diaphragmed. Twigs and foliar buds silky-pubescent, sometimes glabrous. Leaves distinctly alternate, not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 3-5.5(-6) × 0.3-0.5 cm, abaxially brownish puberulent, red-glandular. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, ovate to obovate, 6-22 × 2.6-7 cm, somewhat leathery, base cuneate, apex obtuse to acute or rounded to somewhat acuminate; surfaces abaxially chalky white to glaucous, glabrous or densely silky-pubescent, adaxially dull green to lustrous. Flowers fragrant, 5-8 cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, outer bract abaxially silky-pubescent, inner bract nearly glabrous, red-glandular; tepals creamy white, red-glandular, outermost segments reflexed, greenish; stamens (32-)63-90(-102), 5.5-11 mm; filaments white; pistils (9-)19-33(-50). Follicetums ellipsoid to nearly globose, 2-5.5 × 1.5-3 cm; follicles short-beaked, glabrous. Seeds somewhat globose to lenticular, 5 mm, aril red. 2 n =38.
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Tall shrub or slender tree to 20 m; terminal winter bud 1–2.5 cm, finely silky; lvs aromatic, scattered, leathery, evergreen in the south, oblong to elliptic or oblanceolate,8–15 cm, a third or half as wide, obtuse, basally acute to rounded, the lower surface glaucous and finely hairy; fls fragrant, white, subglobose, ca 5 cm thick; pet 9–12, leathery, obovate, concave, 3–5 cm; fr cone ellipsoid, 3–5 cm, the follicles glabrous; 2n=38. Wet woods and margins of swamps; Fla. to Tex., n. to Pa., N.J., Long I., and e. Mass., chiefly on coastal plain. May–July.
A deciduous tree. It grows 20 m high and spreads 4 m wide. The stem is erect and branching. The leaves are long and oval. They are shiny green but bluish underneath. The flowers are white. They have a scent. They are open and 7.5 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) 0.8
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It needs well drained, moist soil. The soil should be well composted. It needs a protected and partly shady position. It is resistant to frost but sensitive to drought. It suits hardiness zones 6-9. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Wet acid sandy barrens and swamps at low elevations. Swamps, bays, low wet woods, savannahs; chiefly in coastal plain and lower piedmont from sea level to 540 metres.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The leaves are used to give flavour to roasts and gravies. The leaves are also used to brew a herbal tea.
Uses environmental use essential oil material medicinal tea wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Hallucinogen (bark), Blood Medicine (leaf), Cold Remedy (leaf), Febrifuge (leaf), Hallucinogen (leaf), Alterative (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Magnolia virginiana habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Magnolia virginiana leaf picture by Richard Wilkens (cc-by-sa)
Magnolia virginiana leaf picture by susan white (cc-by-sa)
Magnolia virginiana leaf picture by Brennan Baker (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Magnolia virginiana flower picture by Ken Borgfeldt (cc-by-sa)
Magnolia virginiana flower picture by Laura Kiser (cc-by-sa)
Magnolia virginiana flower picture by I Birn (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Magnolia virginiana fruit picture by Ken Borgfeldt (cc-by-sa)
Magnolia virginiana fruit picture by Ashley ALF (cc-by-sa)
Magnolia virginiana fruit picture by Alison Brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Magnolia virginiana world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Cuba, Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Conservation status

Magnolia virginiana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30016308-2
WFO ID wfo-0000233456
COL ID 3XHLF
BDTFX ID 103376
INPN ID 159726
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Magnolia fragrans Magnolia virginiana var. pumila Magnolia virginiana var. longifolia Magnolia virginiana var. virginiana Magnolia glauca var. pumila Magnolia glauca var. longifolia Magnolia virginiana

Lower taxons

Magnolia virginiana var. australis Magnolia virginiana subsp. virginiana Magnolia virginiana subsp. oviedoae