Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.

White adder's mouth (en), Malaxis (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Malaxis

Characteristics

Plants terrestrial. Pseudobulbs ovoid, relatively small, usually 6-8 × 4-5 mm, ± enclosed in white membranous sheaths. Leaf 1 or rarely 2, ovate, oblong, or subelliptic, 2.5-7.5(-12) × 1-3(-6.5) cm, base contracted into ± amplexicaul petiole 3-6.5(-8) cm, apex obtuse or subacute. Inflorescence erect, (9-)15-40 cm, many flowered; rachis 4-12(-20) cm, narrowly winged; floral bracts 2-2.5 mm, lanceolate. Flowers pale yellowish green to pale green, small; pedicel and ovary 2.5-4(-6) mm. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.4 mm, 1-veined, apex long acuminate; lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.7-1.2 mm, 1-veined. Petals filiform or narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 × ca. 0.3 mm; lip ovate-triangular, 3-4 mm, caudate; disk broadly ovate or oblate, slightly concave, margin thickened and verrucose, base with a pair of short auricles on each side. Column ca. 0.5 mm, stout. Capsule obovoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, 6-7 × ca. 4 mm; fruiting pedicel 2.5-3 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28, 30, 60.
More
Scape 1–2.5 dm; lf solitary, clasping, oval to elliptic, 3–6 cm, usually at least half as wide; infl very slender, tapering to the tip; pedicels 1–2 mm; sep ovate to lance-ovate, 2–2.5 mm, the median erect, the lower deflexed beyond the lip; lateral pet oblanceolate, 1 mm, spreading horizontally; lip greenish-white, deflexed, 2–3 mm, broadly cordate, auriculate-lobed at base, tapering to a long point, minutely erose. Damp woods and bogs; circumboreal, in Amer. s. to N.J., Pa., Ill., Minn., Colo., and Calif. Most of the Amer. plants, including all ours, belong to var. brachypoda (A. Gray) F. J. A. Morris, with the fls merely resupinate, the lip lowermost. (M. brachypoda) Typical Eurasian var. monophyllos has the fls twisted a full circle at base, so that the lip is uppermost. (Microstylis m.)
Plants 3–25(–30) cm. Pseudobulbs 5–10 mm diam. Leaves within proximal 1/3 of stem; blade narrowly to broadly elliptic. Inflorescences spicate racemes, 1–12 cm. Flowers 5–80, resupinate or not; sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, margins revolute or not, apex acuminate; petals reflexed, filiform to linear or linear-lanceolate, apex rounded; lip ovate to broadly triangular, concave, base truncate, with forward-directed lobes, apex unlobed, acuminate; column 0.4–0.8 × 0.4–0.8 mm; pollinia yellow. Capsules ascending, ellipsoid, 5 × 3 mm.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.03 - 0.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Malaxis monophyllos flower picture by Claus-Dieter Seidel (cc-by-sa)
Malaxis monophyllos flower picture by Claus-Dieter Seidel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Malaxis monophyllos world distribution map, present in Austria, Belarus, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Hungary, Italy, Japan, Montenegro, Malaysia, Norway, Nepal, Philippines, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:642358-1
WFO ID wfo-0000234036
COL ID 3XM89
BDTFX ID 77717
INPN ID 161533
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Microstylis monophyllos Ophrys monophyllos Achroanthes monophyllos Epipactis monophylla Achroanthes monophyllos f. diphyllos Malaxis monophyllos f. diphyllos Malaxis monophyllos f. triphyllos Achroanthes monophylla f. diphyllos Malaxis monophyllos f. monophyllos Leptorchis japonica Microstylis diphyllos Achroanthes monophylla Microstylis diphylla Malaxis monophyllos

Lower taxons

Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda Malaxis monophyllos var. monophyllos Malaxis monophyllos var. obtusa