Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.

Flowering crabapple (en), Pommier sibérien (fr), Pommier de Sibérie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Malus

Characteristics

Trees to 10–14 m tall, with arching or pendulous branches. Branchlets reddish brown, terete, glabrous; buds reddish brown, ovoid, scales tomentose at margin. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, membranous, margin entire or with sparse glandular teeth, apex acuminate; petiole 2–5 cm, puberulous, with few glands when young, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 3–8 × 2–3.5 cm, glabrous or slightly puberulous when young, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrate, apex acuminate, rarely caudate-acuminate. Corymb at apices of branchlets, umbel-like, 5–7 cm in diam., 4–6-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, glabrous, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–4 cm, slender, glabrous. Flowers 3–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium campanulate, glabrous. Sepals lanceolate, 5–7 mm, longer than hypanthium, abaxially glabrous, adaxially tomentose, margin entire, apex long acuminate. Petals white, obovate, 2–2.5 cm, base shortly clawed, apex obtuse-rounded. Stamens 15–20, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 5-or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5 or 4, longer than stamens, densely villous basally. Pome red or yellow, subglobose, 8–10 mm in diam., with an obscure scar at apex; fruiting pedicel 3–4 cm, glabrous; sepals caducous. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 34*.
More
Trees, 100–140 dm. Stems to 30 cm diam.; bark dark gray with platelike scales; young branches reddish orange and glabrous, becoming reddish brown; flowering shoots becoming spurs, 3–10(–25) mm. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 3–4 mm, scale margins tomentose. Leaves convolute in bud; isomorphic; stipules deciduous or persistent on vigorous shoot leaves, lanceolate, sometimes filiform, 3 mm, apex acuminate; petiole 20–50 mm, glabrous; blade elliptic or ovate, 3–8 × 2–3.5 cm, base cuneate or rounded, margins unlobed, serrate, apex long-acuminate, sometimes caudate, surfaces glabrous or slightly puberulent when young. Panicles umbel-like; peduncles absent; bracteoles absent. Pedicels 15–40 mm, glabrous. Flowers ?not fragrant?, 30–35 mm diam.; hypanthium ?constricted distal to ovaries?, glabrous; sepals lanceolate, 5–7 mm, longer than tube, apex acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial tomentose; petals white, obovate, 20–30 mm, claws 1–2 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse rounded; stamens 15–20, 7–9 mm, anthers yellow before dehiscence; styles (4 or)5, basally connate to 1/2 length, 8–10 mm, longer than stamens, densely villous basally. Pomes yellow to red, subglobose, 8–10 mm diam., cores enclosed at apex; sepals deciduous; sclereids sparse surrounding core. Seeds light reddish brown. 2n = 34.
A deciduous shrub or small tree. It grows 9 m high. Its is a broad spreading shape. The bark is grey brown and flakes into square plates. The bark is red-brown when it is freshly exposed. The leaves are oval and 7.5 cm long by 4 cm wide. They taper to a pointed tip. There are fine teeth around the edge. Leaves are dark green above and paler underneath. They are smooth on both sides. The flowers are white and in clusters on long stalks. Individual flowers are 4 cm across. The fruit are about 1 cm across. They are round and yellow or red. They are on long stalks.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 8.5
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 14.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.5
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An occasional tree found in mixed evergreen or deciduous forests on slopes and among shrubs in valleys, also often found in degraded habitats, or on the edges of cultivated land; at elevations to 3.600 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. It is native to E. Asia. It grows in woods and scrub. It suits hardiness zones 3-7. In Inner Mongolia.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-6

Usage

The fruit are eaten fresh, dried or preserved. They can be used for jelly or stewed. It is also used for vinegar and wine. The leaves are used for a tea drink.
Uses breeding environmental use food gene source material medicinal ornamental rootstock tea timber wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Diarrhea (fruit), Antioxidants (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Malus baccata habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Malus baccata leaf picture by Anita Rotheram (cc-by-sa)
Malus baccata leaf picture by george palickar (cc-by-sa)
Malus baccata leaf picture by plant84 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Malus baccata flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Malus baccata flower picture by Arun  (cc-by-sa)
Malus baccata flower picture by Dmitry Meshcheryakov (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Malus baccata fruit picture by Síne McEllin (cc-by-sa)
Malus baccata fruit picture by Lyndon Chan (cc-by-sa)
Malus baccata fruit picture by Jessica Sivret (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Malus baccata world distribution map, present in Canada, China, and United States of America

Conservation status

Malus baccata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726387-1
WFO ID wfo-0001013564
COL ID 7358Y
BDTFX ID 40737
INPN ID 107203
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Malus rossica Malus xiaojinensis Malus cerasifera Pyrus baccata Malus sibirica Malus pallasiana Pyrus baccata var. sibirica Malus baccata var. baccata Malus baccata var. sibirica Malus baccata f. baccata Malus domestica subsp. cerasifera Malus baccata var. xiaojinensis Malus baccata

Lower taxons

Malus baccata var. gracilis