Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.

Sweet crab apple (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Malus

Characteristics

Trees, sometimes shrubs, 25–75(–100) dm. Stems 1–45 cm diam.; bark reddish brown to gray, longitudinally fissured with platelike scales; young branches reddish brown to dark brown, with orange lenticels, pubescent, glabrescent; flowering shoots becoming spurs or spiny thorns, (10–)20–40(–100) mm. Buds reddish brown, ovoid, 1–6 mm, scale margins tomentose. Leaves conduplicate in bud; heteromorphic; stipules deciduous, linear-lanceolate, (3–)4–6(–7) mm, apex acuminate; vigorous shoot leaves: petiole (7–)10–25(–30) mm, glabrous or villous, sometimes puberulent; blade ovate or triangular-ovate, sometimes lanceolate, (2.5–)4–8(–10) × (1.5–)4–6(–8) cm, base rounded or cordate-rounded, sometimes cuneate, margins ± lobed, sometimes unlobed, serrate, sometimes doubly serrate or crenate-serrate, apex broadly acute or acute, sometimes rounded, apiculate, abaxial surface glabrous (villous only on veins), adaxial glabrous; flowering shoot leaves: petiole 5–15(–25) mm, glabrous or villous; blade ovate, triangular-ovate, or lanceolate, sometimes oval or elliptic, (15–)20–60(–85) × (10–)15–45(–60) mm, base rounded or cordate, sometimes cuneate-rounded or cuneate, margins lobed or unlobed, serrate, sometimes crenate-serrate, doubly serrate, or entire, apex acute or broadly acute (rounded with point or rounded), abaxial surface glabrous (veins villous), adaxial glabrous. Panicles corymblike; peduncles absent; bracteoles sometimes persistent, filiform, 3–5(–10) mm. Pedicels (10–)20–30(–40) mm, glabrous, sometimes villous. Flowers 25–40 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous, sometimes puberulent; sepals triangular, (3–)4–6(–7) mm, equal to slightly longer than tube, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, sometimes glabrescent, adaxial hoary-tomentose; petals pink, sometimes fading white, oblong-obovate, ovate, or oblong, (11–)12–18(–20) mm, claws (2–)3–4 mm, margins entire, sinuate, or fimbriate, apex rounded; stamens 20, (8–)10–13(–14) mm, anthers pink, rose, salmon, or purple before dehiscence; styles 5, connate basally, (8–)10–12(–16) mm, equal to or slightly longer than stamens, villous in proximal 1/2. Pomes green or yellow-green, depressed-globose, 15–30(–55) mm diam., cores not enclosed at apex; sepals persistent, erect; sclereids abundant surrounding core. Seeds dark brown. 2n = 34, 51, 68.
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A very small deciduous tree. It grows up to 9 m high. The trunk is 30 cm across. The crown is irregular and spreading. The bark is red-brown and scaly. It develops cracks along it. The leaves are long triangle shaped. They are 3-10 cm long by 6 cm wide. The base is rounded or heart shaped. The teeth increase in size from the tip downwards and can become lobes near the base. The flowers are white streaked with pink. They occur in small clusters of 2-3. The fruit are almost round and 25-35 mm across. They are sour.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.65
Mature height (meter) 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Open woods, forest edges, thickets, stream banks, fields, fencerows, roadsides; at elevations from 50-1,000 metres. Found in most soil types and moisture levels.
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It is native to E. North America. Temperate. It grows in the shade of larger broad leafed trees. It grows in moist soils. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit are used for preserves, pickles, marmalades and vinegar. They can be stored for an extended time to lose some of their acidity. They are also dried. They are also used for cider.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Hemorrhoid Remedy (bark), Oral Aid (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Eye Medicine (bark), Gynecological Aid (bark), Abortifacient (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Malus coronaria leaf picture by trevor simons (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Malus coronaria flower picture by roxane Anllo (Kenline) (cc-by-sa)
Malus coronaria flower picture by remiiijenn (cc-by-sa)
Malus coronaria flower picture by hesperidium (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Malus coronaria world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Conservation status

Malus coronaria threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726269-1
WFO ID wfo-0001013565
COL ID 6QSX9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Malus glabrata Pyrus bracteata Pyrus elongata Pyrus glabrata Malus lancifolia Malus elongata Malus bracteata Pyrus coronaria Pyrus lancifolia Malus fragrans var. elongata Malus coronaria var. coronaria Malus coronaria var. elongata Malus coronaria var. lancifolia Pyrus coronaria var. elongata Pyrus coronaria var. dasycalyx Pyrus coronaria var. lancifolia Malus coronaria var. bracteata Malus coronaria var. glabrata Malus coronaria var. glaucescens Malus coronaria

Lower taxons

Malus coronaria var. dasycalyx