Malus pumila Mill.

Paradise apple (en), Pommier cultivé (fr), Pommier domestique (fr), Pommier commun (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Malus

Characteristics

Trees, 20–100(–150) dm. Stems 5–30 cm diam.; bark dark gray or gray-brown, scaly; young branches dark brown or reddish brown, densely tomentose, becoming glabrous; flowering shoots becoming spurs, 40–150 mm. Buds dark red or purple, ovoid, 3–4(–5) mm, scale margins densely puberulous. Leaves convolute in bud; isomorphic; stipules deciduous, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, apex acuminate; petiole 10–35 mm, tomentose to sparsely pubescent; blade elliptic, ovate, or broadly elliptic, (2–)5–10 × (1–)3–6.5 cm, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margins unlobed, obtusely serrate, sometimes serrate-crenate, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrescent, adaxial densely puberulent. Panicles umbel-like; peduncles absent; bracteoles deciduous, filiform, 5–7 mm. Pedicels 10–25 mm, puberulous. Flowers 30–40 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals ?reflexed at flowering?, triangular-lanceolate or triangular-ovate, 6–8 mm, equal to or longer than tube, apex acuminate, surfaces tomentose; petals (rose in bud) white, sometimes pink, obovate, 15–25 mm, claws 1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded; stamens 20, 9–10 mm, anthers yellow before dehiscence; styles 5, basally connate less than 1/2 length, 9–10 mm, slightly longer than stamens, basally gray-tomentose; ?stigmas green?. Pomes green, yellow, or red, ?pure, striped, or blushed?, globose or depressed-globose, 20–50(–70) mm diam., ?skin with bloom or wax, sometimes russetted or dotted?, cores enclosed at apex; sepals persistent, erect; sclereids absent. Seeds light brown. 2n = 34 (51, 68).
More
Trees to 15 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, terete, robust, short, densely tomentose when young, glabrous when old; buds purplish brown, ovoid, densely puberulous. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, herbaceous, densely puberulous, margin entire, apex acuminate; petiole robust, 1.5–3 cm, puberulous; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or broadly elliptic, 4.5–10 × 3–5.5 cm, both surfaces densely puberulous when young, adaxially glabrescent, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin obtusely serrate, apex acute. Corymb at apices of branchlets, 4–6 cm in diam., 3–7-flowered; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1–2.5 cm, tomentose. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium tomentose abaxially. Sepals triangular-lanceolate or triangular-ovate, 6–8 mm, longer than hypanthium, both surfaces tomentose, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals white, obovate, 1.5–1.8 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, unequal, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, slightly longer than stamens, gray tomentose basally. Pome red or yellow, depressed-subglobose, ca. 2 cm in diam., impressed at base; fruiting pedicel short and thickened; sepals persistent. Fl. May, fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 24*, 34*, 51*, 68.
A tree. It grows 5-15 m high. It has a short trunk and a rounded head. The buds are pink. The flowers are white with some pink. The fruit are 5 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 7.0 - 12.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a cool temperate plant. It grows in wetlands. It suits hardiness zones 3-9. It grows in Yunnan.
More
Not known in a truly wild situation.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

Uses breeding drinks dye food gum medicinal oil timber wood
Edible flowers fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Hemorrhoid Remedy (bark), Throat Aid (bark), Ear Medicine (bark), Eye Medicine (bark), Orthopedic Aid (bark), Antiparasitic agents (bark), Jaundice (bark), Cooling effect on body (bark), Eye Medicine (fruit), Orthopedic Aid (fruit), Antifungal agents (fruit), Antioxidants (fruit), Constipation (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Nervous system diseases (fruit), Peptic ulcer (fruit), Scurvy (fruit), Weight loss (fruit), Eye Medicine (leaf), Anthelmintics (root), Fever (root), Hypnotics and sedatives (root), Cooling effect on body (root), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Malus pumila unspecified picture
Malus pumila unspecified picture

Distribution

Malus pumila world distribution map, present in Brazil, China, France, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:726372-1
WFO ID wfo-0001013584
COL ID -
BDTFX ID 40744
INPN ID 107207
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Malus pumila