Malvaviscus arboreus Dill. ex Cav.

Wax mallow (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Malvaviscus

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree up to 10 m but usually not more than 4 m high, some-times clambering over other vegetation, very variable in indumentum, in shape of leaves and in size of flower parts, the branchlets velvety-pubescent to glabrescent. Leaves short-to usually long-petiolate, the petiole to 18 cm long; blade lanceolate to broadly ovate, or oblong-ovate, or slightly obovate, or slightly depressed ovate, entire to shallowly lobed, rounded, truncate or cordate at the base, commonly more or less acuminate at the apex, sinuate or crenulate to rather coarsely serrate to den-tate at the margin, up to 21 cm long and 16 cm broad, thin, 5-to 7(-9)-pal-minerved, often scabridulous and usually with spreading, stellate hairs on both sur-faces, the venation reticulate and slightly prominent on both sides. Flowers with the pedicel 1-6 cm long, glabrous to tomentellous; epicalyx equalling more or less the calyx, 11-20 mm long, the bractlets linear, narrowly lanceolate or sometimes more or less narrowly spatulate, glabrous to tomentellous; calyx 10-18 mm long, usually more or less deeply lobed, glabrous to tomentellous; petals obovate or sometimes narrowly obovate, emarginate or infrequently deeply lobed at the apex, 23-55 mm long and (7-)12-25 mm broad, deep pink to bright red; staminal tube 3-6 cm long. Fruit depressed-obovoid, ca 6-10 mm high and 8-13 mm in diam.
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Shrubs ca. 1 m tall. Branchlets sparsely villous to glabrate, rarely glabrous. Stipule filiform, ca. 4 mm, usually caducous; petiole 2-5 cm, puberulent; leaf blade broadly cordate to ovate-cordate, usually 3-lobed, sometimes entire, 6-12 × 2.5-10 cm, nearly glabrous or stellate pilose on both surfaces, basal veins 3 or 5, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded or cordate, margin crenate, sometimes irregularly so, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary, pendulous, tube-shaped, slightly expanding only at top, 2.3-5 cm. Pedicel 3-15 mm, villous or puberulent. Epicalyx lobes spatulate, 8-15 mm, connate at base, hairy. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1 cm in diam., lobes 5, slightly longer or shorter than bracteoles, hirsute. Petals 5, scarlet-red, 2.5-5 cm. Staminal column 5-7 cm, exceeding corolla tube. Style branches 10. Ripe fruit bright red, usually 3-or 4-seeded.
Spreading shrub to 2-(3) m high, often spreading vegetatively by layering. Stems densely clothed in stellate hairs. Lvs densely clothed in stellate hairs, velvety to touch, ovate to suborbicular, cordate, acute to acuminate, not lobed or shallowly 3-lobed, crenate-serrate, c. 5-15 cm long; petioles c. 2-12 cm long; stipules lanceolate, 3-8 mm long, deciduous. Fls axillary, solitary or few in fascicles; pedicels 10-30 mm long; epicalyx segments 7-9, linear, united for lower ?-1/4, somewhat < or ± = calyx; calyx tubular, clothed in stellate hairs; calyx teeth ciliate, triangular, much < tube; petals scarlet, 20-35 mm long. Fr. fleshy, red, 1-3 cm diam.
Plants 0.5–3[–10] m. Leaf blades elliptic to broadly ovate, 4–20[–25] × 3–12 cm, surfaces sparsely to densely hairy with simple and stellate trichomes. Involucellar bractlets linear-spatulate. Flowers ascending or erect; calyx persistent, lobes connate for 1/2–2/3 their lengths, 8–15 mm, glabrous or hirsute; petals imbricate at anthesis, asymmetrically obovate-cuneate and auriculate toward base, 1.5–4(–5) cm; staminal column with 5 apical teeth; stigmas exserted. Fruits berrylike, usually red, not winged, 8–13[–16] × 10–17 mm, fleshy, edible; mericarps broadly ellipsoid wedge-shaped, smooth, glabrous. Seeds reniform, 3/4 as wide as long. 2n = 56.
A small shrub. It grows about 2-4 m high. The leaves are long or heart shaped and velvety. They are 5-12 cm long. The leaves can have 3 lobes. The flowers are long and tapering. They face upwards. The fruit are small red berries.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 3.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. In Central America it grows from sea level to 2,000 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 8-12. Geelong Botanical Gardens. Wittunga Botanical Gardens. In Yunnan.
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Wet to dry thickets or forest, often in roadside hedges or in waste ground; at elevations up to 2,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

Uses environmental use fiber food material medicinal social use
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Antispermatogenic agents (flower), Contraceptive agents (flower), Diarrhea (flower), Amygdalitis (unspecified), Aphthae (unspecified), Cosmetic (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Hair-Oil (unspecified), Hair (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Lip (unspecified), Blood (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Throat (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Malvaviscus arboreus leaf picture by Shehadi Ramiz (cc-by-sa)
Malvaviscus arboreus leaf picture by Mauricio León Carreño (cc-by-sa)
Malvaviscus arboreus leaf picture by Stephen Herren (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Malvaviscus arboreus flower picture by tdtexas49 (cc-by-sa)
Malvaviscus arboreus flower picture by Hernández Gustavo (cc-by-sa)
Malvaviscus arboreus flower picture by Yves Demouy (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Malvaviscus arboreus fruit picture by Juan Carlos Ordonez (cc-by-sa)
Malvaviscus arboreus fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Malvaviscus arboreus world distribution map, present in Belize, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Fiji, Guatemala, Guam, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Niue, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Chad, and United States of America

Conservation status

Malvaviscus arboreus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:562237-1
WFO ID wfo-0000449492
COL ID 3XRP5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448502
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Malvaviscus polakowskyi Malvaviscus sepium Achania cordata Malvaviscus brevipes Malvaviscus brevibracteatus Malvaviscus ciliatus Malvaviscus rivularis Malvaviscus pulvinatus Achania pilosa Achania ciliata Achania coccinea Achania mollis Hibiscus malvaviscus Malvaviscus balbisii Malvaviscus drummondii Hibiscus pilosus Hibiscus integrifolius Malvaviscus pilosus Malvaviscus pentacarpus Malvaviscus grandiflorus Malvaviscus jordan-mottii Pavonia spiralis Hibiscus jerroldianus Malvaviscus arboreus var. brihondus Malvaviscus arboreus var. sloanei Malvaviscus arboreus var. sepium Malvaviscus arboreus subsp. cubensis Malvaviscus arboreus var. mexicanus Malvaviscus arboreus var. cubensis Malvaviscus arboreus var. parviflorus Malvaviscus arboreus var. sagranus Hibiscus nutans Malvaviscus arboreus var. lobatus Malvaviscus arboreus var. arboreus Achania malvaviscus Malvaviscus acapulcensis Hibiscus coccineus var. integrifolius Malvaviscus sagranus Malvaviscus oligotrichus Malvaviscus cordifolius Malvaviscus conzattii Malvaviscus mollis Malvaviscus arboreus var. grisebachii Malvaviscus arboreus var. pilosus Malvaviscus arboreus

Lower taxons

Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii