Manihot grahamii Hook.

Graham's manihot (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Manihot

Characteristics

A large glabrous woody herb or subshrub up to 2.5 m. tall.. Young shoots glaucous greenish brown, sometimes suffused purplish.. Leaves deeply palmatipartite, with (5–)7–11(–13) lobes, shallowly cordate, membranaceous to chartaceous, the lobes oblong-oblanceolate, occasionally subpanduriform, 6–14 cm. long, 1–3.5 cm. wide, acutely long-acuminate, attenuate towards the base, confluent into a basal disc 1–1.8 cm. wide, entire, with up to 20 pairs of lateral nerves, midrib not prominent above, prominent beneath; petiole 5–19 cm. long, with a small tuft of hairs at the apex.. Stipules setaceous, 1.5 cm. long, slightly laciniate towards the apex, readily deciduous.. Inflorescence racemose or subpaniculate, 10–15 cm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long, soon deciduous.. Male flowers: pedicels decurved, up to 1 cm. long, slender; calyx ovoid in bud, campanulate, the lobes imbricate, triangular-ovate, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide at the base, subacute, glabrous without and within, greenish yellow, each with 2 elongate purplish black blotches within, the tube 7–8 mm. long, also glabrous and greenish yellow; long filaments 7 mm. long, short filaments 3 mm. long, slender, glabrous, anthers 4 mm. long, narrow; disc 10-lobed, concave at the centre, the lobes rounded.. Female flowers: pedicels patent, 7 mm. long, extending to 2 cm. in fruit; calyx ± as in ♂ but with the sepals free almost to the base; disc pentagonal; ovary 2 mm. long, 2 mm. diameter, smooth; styles flabelliform, inrolled, 2 mm. long, with a tuberculate stigma.. Fruit subglobose, scarcely trilobed, 1.4 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide when dried, smooth, tubercled-rugulose when dried, yellowish brown; endocarp woody.. Seeds dorsiventrally biconvex, elliptic-ovate in outline, 1.2 cm. long, 0.8 cm. wide, 4.5 mm. deep, buff-coloured, streaked and flecked with dark brown, shiny, with a caruncle 4 mm wide.
More
Shrubs or trees, 2–6[–7] m. Roots not thickened. Stems erect, angled when young; nodes not swollen; leaf and stipule scars not elevated. Leaves deciduous; stipules linear, remotely serrate; petiole 5–33 cm; blade basally attached, 5–13-lobed, median and adjacent lobes with pair of weakly defined rounded secondary lobes distal to middle, lateral lobes without secondary lobes, median lobe 5–24 cm, margins neither thickened nor revolute, entire, apex acuminate, surface glabrous, abaxial smooth. Inflorescences axillary, panicles, to 30 cm. Pedicels: staminate 4–10 mm; pistillate 10–40 mm in fruit, straight. Staminate flowers: calyx campanulate, 10–15 mm, lobes erect or spreading; stamens 10. Capsules 1.8 cm, smooth, not winged. Seeds oblong, 10–12 mm.
Subshrub or shrub to 4 m high. Root tubers absent. Stipules lanceolate, 9–15 mm long. Leaves deeply palmatipartite, 5–13 lobed, the lobes oblong to oblanceolate, 5–14 cm long, 0.9–3.5 cm wide; base attenuate; tip acuminate. Male flowers: pedicels 7–10 mm long; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, 4–10 mm long, 3–5 mm wide, tube 5–8 mm long. Female flowers: pedicels 7–9 mm long; calyx lobes triangular-ovate, 10–12 mm long, 5–5.5 mm wide, tube 1–3 mm long. Fruit subglobose, c. 14 mm long and 15 mm diam. Seeds ellipsoid, c. 12 mm long and 8 mm wide.
Very similar to M. esculenta, but differing in having the leaf blades 12–30 cm wide, 6–13-lobed, with the lobes narrowly oblanceolate-oblong and often subpanduriform, the median lobe 6.5–16 × 1–4 cm; the disk in both sexes bright orange; the fruits slightly larger (1.8 × 1.9 cm) and without wings; the seeds biconvex with a sharp lateral ridge.
A tree.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Often cultivated as an ornamental. A form with white variegated leaves is also occasionally grown.
Uses gene source medicinal ornamental
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Manihot grahamii leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Manihot grahamii leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Manihot grahamii leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Manihot grahamii flower picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)
Manihot grahamii flower picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)
Manihot grahamii flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Manihot grahamii fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Manihot grahamii fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Manihot grahamii world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Spain, Georgia, Italy, Paraguay, Uruguay, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:351805-1
WFO ID wfo-0000235545
COL ID 3XV4N
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Manihot enneaphylla Manihot lobata Manihot loeflingii Manihot tweedieana Manihot tweedieana f. nana Janipha loeflingii var. multifida Manihot dulcis var. multifida Manihot loeflingii var. multifida Manihot palmata var. multifida Manihot tweedieana var. lobata Manihot grahamii