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Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill.

Dagger flower (en), Microlonque de Salamanque (fr), Mantisalca de Salamanque (fr), Centaurée de Salamanque (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Mantisalca

Characteristics

Perennial herb, 0.4-1.0 m high; with slender branches, leafless above. Leaves oblong, pinnately lobed; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, remotely dentate to pinnatisect, decreasing in size upwards. Capitula discoid or disciform, pedunculate, solitary; involucre urceolate; bracts ovate, acute. Ray florets neuter; with staminodes; corolla purple, rarely white. Disc florets bisexual, fertile; corolla purple, rarely white. Anthers caudate at base. Pappus double, outer of linear-subulate, persistent scales; inner generally a single, abaxial scale. Cypselae obovoid, many-ribbed and transversely rugulose between ribs, glabrous with apical rim, lateral detachment area large and surrounded by whitish, swollen margins, with elaiosome.
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Biennial herb to 1.3 m high. Stems glabrous or thinly pilose with multicellular hairs. Leaves green above and below, sparsely tomentose with multicellular hairs; sessile glands absent. Capitula solitary, terminal; involucre ovoid to subglobose, 12–15 mm diam. at anthesis; median involucral bracts erect, elliptic, 8–11 mm long, 4–5 mm wide, glabrous. Corolla pink to mauve; inner (fertile) florets with tube 15–17 mm long, and lobes 3–4.5 mm long; sterile florets shorter. Anthers 4.5–5 mm long. Achenes 3.5–4.5 mm long, grey, with faint longitudinal ribs and transverse lacunae. Pappus bristles 77–107, longest ones 2.5–3.3 mm long.
A herb.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.16
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-10

Usage

The leaves at the base are peeled and eaten in stews.
Uses medicinal
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use Hyperglycemia (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Mantisalca salmantica habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica habit picture by Tom Laveille (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Mantisalca salmantica leaf picture by Reour Tag (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica leaf picture by Acosta García Isabel (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica leaf picture by Lisa Giovannoli (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Mantisalca salmantica flower picture by Fresno Conrado (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica flower picture by Manuel Mateu-Ratera (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica flower picture by Enrique Balbuena (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Mantisalca salmantica fruit picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica fruit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Mantisalca salmantica fruit picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Mantisalca salmantica world distribution map, present in Australia, Belgium, Switzerland, Cyprus, Germany, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Gibraltar, Greece, Croatia, Israel, Italy, Morocco, North Macedonia, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Tunisia, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:231708-1
WFO ID wfo-0000082784
COL ID 3XWKJ
BDTFX ID 40924
INPN ID 107347
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Microlonchus delilianus Calcitrapa brevispina Calcitrapa altissima Centaurea besseriana Microlonchus valdemorensis Crocodilium salmanticum Cirsium salamanticum Centaurea tenella Microlonchus cichoraceus Microlonchus tenellus Microlonchus elatus Microlonchus salmanticus Microlonchus clusii Mantisalca elegans Centaurea salmantica Centaurea tenuiflora Centaurea lyraefolia Microlonchus spinulosus Mantisalca salmantica var. salmantica Microlonchus salmanticus var. salmanticus Centaurea salmantica var. salmantica Microlonchus salmanticus var. gracilis Centaurea salmantica var. clusii Centaurea salmantica var. leptoloncha Mantisalca salmantica var. biennis Mantisalca salmantica var. leptoloncha Microlonchus salmanticus var. leptolonchus Mantisalca salmantica
WorldFloraDB 2024