Maranta arundinacea L.

Arrowroot (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Zingiberales > Marantaceae > Maranta

Characteristics

Herbs 30--130 cm tall. Rhizomes sympodial, cylindric, fleshy, starchy. Stems erect, often apically branched, slender. Basal leaves 4--8; cauline leaves 1--8; petiole 3.5--20 cm in basal leaves, often absent in cauline leaves, pulvinus 0.2--1.8 cm, glabrous except adaxially tomentose; leaf blade ovate-oblong, 3.5--35 × 3--11 cm, adaxially sparsely pilose, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, base rounded to truncate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences several per leafy shoot; bracts 1 or 2(or 3), each subtending 2 or 3 flower pairs, distichous, green, 2.4--6 cm. Flowers mostly self-pollinating; common pedicel 2.3--5.5 cm. Sepals green, narrowly ovate, 1.2--1.7 cm. Corolla white; tube curved, 1.2--1.4 cm, base inflated; lobes 8--10 mm. Staminodes white; outer staminodes 2, obovate, ca. 1 cm. Ovary densely pubescent, rarely glabrous or subglabrous. Capsule green or tinged reddish brown, ellipsoid, 7--8 × 4--5 mm, dehiscent. Seeds brown, rugose; aril basal, white, 2-lobed. Fl. Jun--Aug. 2 n = 18, 48.
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Plants erect, 0.3--1.3 m. Rhizomes tuberous, thickened. Stem often branched above. Leaves: basal 4--8, cauline 1--8; sheath auriculate, 4.5--31 cm, margins and apex densely pilose to nearly glabrous; petiole often absent in cauline leaves, 3.5--20 cm; pulvinus 0.2--1.8 cm, adaxially tomentose; blade ovate, 3.5--35 ´ 3--11 cm, basal leaves largest, abaxially glabrous to minutely pilose, adaxially sparsely minutely pilose. Inflorescences: bracts 1--2(--3), 2.4--6 cm; common pedicel of flower pair 2.3--5.5 cm. Flowers: sepals 10--17 mm; corolla white, corolla tube curved, 12--14 mm; staminodes white; ovary tan, densely pubescent, rarely glabrous or nearly glabrous. Fruits green or tinged red-brown, 8 ´ 4--5 mm. 2n = 18, 2n = 48.
Rather weak, diffusely branching herbs 4-8 dm. tall, essentially glabrous throughout; leaves both basal and cauline, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rather gradually acute to acuminate, base broadly obtuse, 10-20 cm. long, 3-8 cm. broad; petiole 1.0-1.5 cm. long, wholly callous; sheaths very narrow, 5-10 cm. long; inflorescence diffusely branching, the rachis rather distantly flexuous, several-to many-flowered; bracts caducous, oblong, obviously leafless sheaths, 2-4 cm. long; pedicels 0.5-1.5 cm. long; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.0-1.5 cm. long, per-sistent and accrescent in fruit; perianth (including the staminodia) about 2 cm. long, white; fruits nut-like, ellipsoid, about 1 cm. long.
A perennial plant up to 2 m high with large fleshy underground rhizomes. The stem is erect. There are 4-8 leaves near the base. There are 1-8 leaves on the stem. It has large leaves on long stalks near the base. These stalks can be 3.5-20 cm long. The leaf blade is 12 cm long and the leaf stalk clasps the stem. Flowers are small and white. There can be several on each leafy shoot. They occur on the ends of branches. There are 1-2 bracts under each 2-3 flowers. The rhizomes can be 20 cm long and about 3 cm across. They are covered with fleshy scales. The fruit are capsules which are green and tinged red-brown. They are oval and 7-8 mm long by 4-5 mm wide. The seeds are brown.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.2
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows well in hot humid climates. A temperature of 20-30°C is best. Plants grow from the coast up to 900 m altitude in the tropics. It needs a rainfall of 1500 to 2000 mm yearly. It is cultivated in S China for starch. It needs deep, well drained and slightly acid soil. It suits plant hardiness zones 10-12. Bontoc. In Yunnan.
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Moist floors of evergreen or deciduous forests, often in clearings where light levels are relatively high.
Light 2-7
Soil humidity 3-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The rhizomes are used in soups or sauces. They can be just scraped & boiled. They can be used for making flour. It is an easily digested starchy flour. It is a good thickener in sauces. The fresh rhizomes can be stored for 7-8 days. CAUTION It is important to peel off the skin scales or they give a bitter taste to the starch.
Uses animal food environmental use fodder food material medicinal
Edible rhizomes roots tubers
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (rhizome), Asthma (rhizome), Common cold (rhizome), Cough (rhizome), Demulcents (rhizome), Diarrhea (rhizome), Digestive system diseases (rhizome), Hematologic diseases (rhizome), Inflammatory bowel diseases (rhizome), Counterirritant (rhizome), Pain (rhizome), General tonic for rejuvenation (rhizome), Thirst (rhizome), Tuberculosis (rhizome), Urologic diseases (rhizome), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Diarrhea (root), Neoplasms (root), Ulcer (root), Weight loss (root), Antidote (unspecified), Convalescence (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Shampoo (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Sunburn (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Rubefacient (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emollients (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Gastroenteritis (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from pieces of rhizome or occasionally suckers. A spacing of 1 m x 0.5 m is suitable or can be closer. 3,000-3500 kg of planting material are required for one hectare. The pieces are planted 6-8 cm deep. It requires a fertile soil. Normally flowers are removed to allow as much storage as possible in the rhizomes.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 23 - 29
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Maranta arundinacea habit picture by Isabelle robert (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Maranta arundinacea leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Maranta arundinacea leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Maranta arundinacea leaf picture by Anne Hurtin (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Maranta arundinacea flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Maranta arundinacea flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Maranta arundinacea flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Maranta arundinacea world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Gabon, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Suriname, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:280408-2
WFO ID wfo-0000466473
COL ID 6QTTJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447849
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Maranta ramosissima Maranta sylvatica Maranta silvatica Maranta indica Phrynium variegatum Maranta arundinacea f. sylvestris Maranta arundinacea var. indica Maranta arundinacea var. variegata Maranta arundinacea var. arundinacea Maranta arundinacea