Markhamia obtusifolia Sprague

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Bignoniaceae > Markhamia

Characteristics

Bushy shrub up to 1.5-5 m or small tree 5-15 m high. Bark light brown to grey, smooth to somewhat striated in large specimens. Branchlets velvety tomentose with golden brown hairs, soon glabrescent. Leaves 18-56 cm long (1)3-5(6)-jugate, inferior pairs smaller, pseudostipules 0.5-1.3 cm long, subulate-acuminate, tomentose; petiole 2-9.5 cm long; leaflet-lamina (4.5)6.5-5.17(23) x 2.5-9.5(13.5) cm; elliptic to oblong, ovate or obovate, sessile, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute to shortly acuminate, rarely longly acuminate, base obtuse, rounded to subcordate, sometimes asymmetric margins entire or rarely thinly serrate pubescent to puberulous on the superior surface, densely woolly on the inferior; lateral nerves (6)7-12(14). Inflorescence a dense and tomentose terminal, many-flowered densely branched panicle 10-30(40) cm long; pedicels 1-2.3(2.8) cm long; bracts 0.5-1(1.5) cm long. Calyx 1.9-3.3 x 1.5-2.5 cm obtusely cuspidate or uncinate, fissuring down to 4-8 mm from the base, densely tomentose with golden hairs. Corolla bright yellow, funnel-shaped to campanulate; lobes spreading, subcircular, 1.7-3 cm in diam., the 3 lower ones streaked brown-reddish and with conspicuous glands near the mouth of the 2.5-4.5 cm long corolla tube. Stamen-filaments 1.5-2 cm long, pilose at the base, adnate to the corolla tube up to c. 1 cm from the base; anther-thecae 2.3-3.5 mm long, divergent. Disk 2 mm long and 4-5 mm in diam., cupuliform. Ovary 5-8 mm long; style 17-27 mm long. Capsule 20.84 x 1.8-2.5 cm, falciform to nearly straight, flattened, velvety tomentose with golden soft hairs, valves with a prominent longitudinally median ridge and two marginal ones near the dehiscing lines. Seeds 0.7-1.2 x 3.36 cm including the wing.
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Leaves 18–56 cm. long (1)3–5(6)-jugate, inferior pairs smaller, pseudostipules 0.5–1.3 cm. long, subulate-acuminate, tomentose; petiole 2–9.5 cm. long; leaflet-lamina (4.5)6.5–5.17(23) × 2.5–9.5(13.5) cm.; elliptic to oblong, ovate or obovate, sessile, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute to shortly acuminate, rarely longly acuminate, base obtuse, rounded to subcordate, sometimes asymmetric margins entire or rarely thinly serrate pubescent to puberulous on the superior surface, densely woolly on the inferior; lateral nerves (6)7–12(14).
Corolla bright yellow, funnel-shaped to campanulate; lobes spreading, subcircular, 1.7–3 cm. in diam., the 3 lower ones streaked brown-reddish and with conspicuous glands near the mouth of the 2.5–4.5 cm. long corolla tube.
Capsule 20.84 x 1.8–2.5 cm., falciform to nearly straight, flattened, velvety tomentose with golden soft hairs, valves with a prominent longitudinally median ridge and two marginal ones near the dehiscing lines.
Inflorescence a dense and tomentose terminal, many-flowered densely branched panicle 10–30(40) cm. long; pedicels 1–2.3(2.8) cm. long; bracts 0.5–1(1.5) cm. long.
Stamen-filaments 1.5–2 cm. long, pilose at the bass, adnate to the corolla tube up to c. 1 cm. from the base; anther-thecae 2.3–3.5 mm. long, divergent.
Calyx 1.9–3.3 × 1.5–2.5 cm. obtusely cuspidate or uncinate, fissuring down to 4–8 mm. from the base, densely tomentose with golden hairs.
Bark light brown to grey, smooth to somewhat striated in large specimens.
Branchlets velvety tomentose with golden brown hairs, soon glabrescent.
Bushy shrub up to 1.5–5 m. or small tree 5–15 m. high.
Disk 2 mm. long and 4–5 mm. in diam., cupuliform.
Seeds 0.7–1.2 x 3.36 cm. including the wing.
Ovary 5–8 mm. long; style 17–27 mm. long.
Life form
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry lowland forest, woodland and grassland. Open, deciduous woodlands, xerophytic forests and secondary savannahs, often on greyish sandy soils.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fuel material medicinal social use wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Markhamia obtusifolia flower picture by Mayoge Bukapuka (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Markhamia obtusifolia fruit picture by Mayoge Bukapuka (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Markhamia obtusifolia world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Markhamia obtusifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:110021-1
WFO ID wfo-0000779030
COL ID 99QJW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Markhamia obtusifolia Dolichandrone obtusifolia Markhamia lanata Markhamia paucifoliata Markhamia verdickii