Markhamia zanzibarica K.Schum.

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Bignoniaceae > Markhamia

Characteristics

Shrub 2-5 m tall or a small often straggling tree up to 9 m tall. Bark grey, smooth or rough, peeling off soon. Young branchlets minutely lepidote, sometimes with conspicuous lenticels. Leaves up to 35 cm long (1)2-4-jugate, size of the leaflet-pairs increasing progressively from the base; pseudostipules 0.5-1.7(2) cm in diam., subcircular to reniform; petiole 2-7(9) cm long, flat above, sometimes slightly winged, terete below, leaflet lamina 2-24.5(32.5) x 2-13 cm, elliptic, obovate or almost subcircular, sessile or with petiolules up to 5 mm long, acute, acuminate to longly acuminate, rarely obtuse at the apex, tapering towards the often asymmetric base, pubescent and minutely scaly at both surfaces, with age becoming minutely and sparsely puberulous or even glabrous; lower surface with pubescent axillary domatiae more or less conspicuous and sometimes with small circular black glands near and on both sides of the midrib; lateral nerves 6-12(14), impressed above and prominent below; margins entire or finely toothed. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary panicle or raceme rather lax, 5-20(23) cm long, scaly glabrous or puberulous; pedicels up to 1.5(2) cm long, 2-bracteate below the middle; bracts 2-5(7) mm long, triangular-acuminate, ciliate at the margins. Calyx 10-15(19) mm long cuspidate or uncinate splitting at one side down to 8 mm from the base sometimes provided with scattered glands towards the apex and opposite to the fissure. Corolla funnel-shaped to campanulate, tube (18)20-30(43) mm long, yellow-greenish flecked with maroon; lobes 10-15 mm in diam., subcircular, sometimes with conspicuous small glands near the mouth. Stamen-filaments 9-14 mm long adnate to the corolla tube up to c. 5 mm from the base, corolla tube provided with pluricellular hairs at the insertion points of the filaments; anther-thecae c. 1.5 mm long, divergent. Disk 1.5 mm long and 2-3 mm in diam. Ovary 3-5 mm long, sometimes lepidote; style 15-27 mm long. Capsule slender, 22-68 x 0.9-1.5 cm, straight or slightly falcate, glabrous, lenticellate. Seeds 4-6 x 20-40 mm including the wing.
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Leaves up to 35 cm. long (1) 2–4-jugate, size of the leaflet-pairs increasing progressively from the base; pseudostipules 0.5–1.7(2) cm. in diam., subcircular to reniform; petiole 2–7(9) cm. long, flat above, sometimes slightly winged, terete below, leaflet lamina 2–24.5(32.5) × 2–13 cm., elliptic, obovate or almost subcircular, sessile or with petiolules up to 5 mm. long, acute, acuminate to longly acuminate, rarely obtuse at the apex, tapering towards the often asymmetric base, pubescent and minutely scaly at both surfaces, with age becoming minutely and sparsely puberulous or even glabrous; lower surface with pubescent axillary domatiae more or less conspicuous and sometimes with small circular black glands near and on both sides of the midrib; lateral nerves 6–12(14), impressed above and prominent below; margins entire or finely toothed.
A small upright tree. It grows 3-7 m tall. The crown is sparse. The bark is grey and smooth but it flakes. The leaves are light green. The leaves are compound. They have leaflets along the stalk and one at the end. There are 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are broadly oval. The leaves are 14 cm long by 6 cm wide. The flowers are deep red and yellow. They are red inside and yellow with red spots outside. They occur in branched groups. They are 5 cm long by 5 cm wide. The petals are crumpled. The fruit are slender pod-like capsules. They are 30-80 cm long and split along their length. They have golden hairs. The seeds have thin wings at both ends.
Inflorescence a terminal or axillary panicle or raceme rather lax, 5–20(23) cm. long, scaly glabrous or puberulous; pedicels up to 1.5(2) cm. long, 2-bracteate below the middle; bracts 2–5(7) mm. long, triangular-acuminate, ciliate at the margins.
Small tree or shrub, 2-5 m or up to 9 m high. Pseudo-stipules foliaceous, subcircular to reniform. Calyx 10-15 mm long; corolla tube 20-30 mm long. Capsule hairless, lenticellate, sparsely lepidote. Flowers yellow-greenish flecked with maroon.
Stamen-filaments 9–14 mm. long adnate to the corolla tube up to c. 5 mm. from the base, corolla tube provided with pluricellular hairs at the insertion points of the filaments; anther-thecae c. 1.5 mm. long, divergent.
Corolla funnel-shaped to campanulate, tube (18) 20–30(43) mm. long, yellow-greenish flecked with maroon; lobes 10–15 mm. in diam., subcircular, sometimes with conspicuous small glands near the mouth.
Calyx 10–15(19) mm. long cuspidate or uncinate splitting at one side down to 8 mm. from the base sometimes provided with scattered glands towards the apex and opposite to the fissure.
Capsule slender, 22–68 × 0.9–1.5 cm., straight or slightly falcate, glabrous, lenticellate.
Young branchlets minutely lepidote, sometimes with conspicuous lenticels.
Shrub 2–5 m. tall or a small often straggling tree up to 9 m. tall.
Ovary 3–5 mm. long, sometimes lepidote; style 15–27 mm. long.
Bark grey, smooth or rough, peeling off soon.
Seeds 4–6 × 20–40 mm. including the wing.
Disk 1.5 mm. long and 2–3 mm. in diam.
Life form
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It can grow in areas with a marked dry season. It can grow in areas with a rainfall below 550 mm. It can grow in sandy, stony or loam soils. In southern Africa it grows between 520-940 m above sea level. Plants re-grow after fire. It can grow in arid places. In Brisbane Botanical gardens.
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Dry lowland forest, riverine forest, open woodland and savannah. Bushveld; riverine fringes; often on rocky ridges and on hill slopes. Commonly found growing among rocks on dry slopes. Found at elevations from near sea level to 1,500 metres
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The root is cleaned and the bark removed and the white portion sliced and put into water for 2 days then drunk.
Uses charcoal environmental use food fuel material medicinal ornamental timber wood
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Ache(Back) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The trees can be grown from large cuttings of branches 2 m long by 10 cm across. The trees can be cut back and will re-grow.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Markhamia zanzibarica unspecified picture

Distribution

Markhamia zanzibarica world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Markhamia zanzibarica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:110033-1
WFO ID wfo-0000779057
COL ID 99QK6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Muenteria stenocarpa Spathodea puberula Dolichandrone hirsuta Dolichandrone latifolia Muenteria puberula Muenteria zanzibarica Markhamia acuminata Spathodea tenuifolia Spathodea zanzibarica Spathodea acuminata Markhamia puberula Dolichandrone stenocarpa Spathodea stenocarpa Markhamia zanzibarica Markhamia stenocarpa