Medicago lupulina L.

Nonesuch (en), Luzerne lupuline (fr), Minette (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Medicago

Characteristics

Procumbent or ascending, annual or short-lived perennial herb; stems moderately to densely hairy in upper part. Lvs moderately to densely hairy on petiole and undersurface of leaflets, almost glabrous or sparsely hairy above; petioles c. 2-15-(40) mm long; leaflets narrowly to broadly obovate, acute to emarginate, mucronate, obtuse at base, finely or irregularly serrate in upper 1/2, uniform in colour, c. 4-20 mm long; terminal petiolule (1)-2-3-(7) mm long; lateral petiolules < 1 mm long; stipules narrowly to broadly ovate, acuminate, entire or irregularly serrate. Infl. with (5)-10-numerous fls; peduncles ± glabrous to moderately hairy, much > petioles; pedicels > calyx tube. Calyx hairy; calyx teeth narrowly triangular, usually with linear apex, > tube. Corolla yellow, 2-3 mm long. Pod moderately hairy, but ± glabrous and black when mature, reniform, coiled in ± 1 complete turn without a hole in the centre, distinctly reticulately veined but otherwise smooth, 2-3 mm diam., 1-seeded; seeds yellow to brown, c. 2 mm long.
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Annual or short-lived perennial herbs, 15-60 cm, glabres­cent to pubescent, sometimes glandular. Stems decumbent, prostrate or ascending, much branched. Stipules ovate-lanceo­late, to 10 mm, entire or toothed, base rounded or hastate, apex acuminate; petiole 1-2 cm; leaflets elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 5-20 × 4-6 mm, papery, pubescent, lateral veins to 10 pairs, base cuneate, margin distally obscurely serrate, apex truncate or retuse, apiculate. Flowers 10-20 in small heads; peduncles slen­der, straight, longer than subtending leaves, glabrate to densely appressed pubescent; bracts bristlelike, minute; pedicel less than 1 mm. Calyx ca. 2 mm, glabrate to densely hairy. Corolla yellow, 2-2.2 mm; standard suborbicular, apex retuse, longer than wings and keel. Ovary broadly ovate; ovule 1. Legume reniform, ca. 3 × 2 mm, sculptured with concentric arcuate veins, sparsely hairy, black when ripe. Seed 1, brown, ovoid, smooth. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. Jun-Oct.
A ± pubescent annual or short-lived perennial, with prostrate or ascending stems up to 50 cm. long.. Stipules green, cordate on the free side at the base, lanceolate, toothed, the teeth about as broad as long; petiole very short in the upper leaves, up to 2·5 cm. in the lower leaves; rhachis above lateral leaflets 2–3 mm. long; leaflets cuneate-obovate, up to 14 mm. long by 12 mm. wide, pubescent on both surfaces.. Peduncle up to 3·5 cm. long; raceme dense, 5–20-flowered; bracts white, filiform, ±0·5 mm. long; pedicel ± 1 mm. long.. Calyx pubescent, 1–1·5 mm. long, the teeth subulate at the tip, rather longer than the tube.. Corolla yellow, 2·5–3 mm. long.. Pod 1-seeded, strongly veined, curved through 180°, ± 3 by 2 mm., sparsely pubescent, black when ripe.
Annual or biennial with prostrate or ascending stems to 8 dm; stipules lanceolate, entire or toothed; lfls elliptic to obovate, 1–2 cm; peduncles much exceeding the subtending lvs; heads globose to short-cylindric, to 1 cm; fls yellow, 10–50 per head, 2–4 mm; pods nearly black, 2–3 mm, reniform, unarmed, 1-seeded, the conspicuous veins tending to be longitudinal; 2n=16. Native of Eurasia, common as a weed in our range and elsewhere. May–Sept.
Short-lived perennial or annual herb, 0.2-0.6 m long; densely covered by simple, tawny, appressed hairs. Central leaflets up to 6 x 7 mm, cuneate-obovate, margins slightly toothed in upper part. Stipules lanceolate, irregularly toothed. Flowers 2.5-3.5 mm long. Petals: standard subrotund; wings shorter than keel. Flowering time Oct.-Jan. Pod with only distal end coiled, black; smooth or with small tubercles; 1-seeded.
An annual or short lived perennial herb. The stems are downy and often lie along the ground or curve up at the ends. The leaves are made up of 3 leaflets on a short stalk. They are 3-20 mm long by 2.5-12 mm wide. They are wedge shaped at the base. The leaves are hairy underneath. The flowers are yellow and pea like. The fruit is a curved, kidney shaped pod. It is 3 mm wide. It is black when ripe. There is one seed.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.45 - 0.5
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. It grows in damp areas on calcareous soils. It grows in grasslands and along the edges of roads throughout Europe. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 500 m above sea level. In the Indian Himalayas it grows between 3,200-3,900 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium. In Yunnan.
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Grassy places and roadsides, often occurring as a garden weed on both acid and calcareous soils. Stream banks, roadsides, waste fields, woodland margins.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The young leaves are used as a vegetable. They are eaten raw or boiled. The seeds can be parched and eaten or ground into flour.
Uses animal food environmental use experimental purposes fodder forage green manure invertebrate food medicinal non-vertebrate poison poison vertebrate poison
Edible leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Antitussive agents (flower), Lung diseases (flower), Wound healing (flower), Antitussive agents (fruit), Lung diseases (fruit), Wound healing (fruit), Antitussive agents (leaf), Lung diseases (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Antitussive agents (stem), Lung diseases (stem), Wound healing (stem), Lenitive (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Galactogogues (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Kidney calculi (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 14 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Medicago lupulina habit picture by Filip Arndt (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina habit picture by Catherine Bocquet (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Medicago lupulina leaf picture by S Shields (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina leaf picture by Marc Witthandt (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina leaf picture by Merlijn (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Medicago lupulina flower picture by Jordan Galli (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina flower picture by Filip Arndt (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina flower picture by François Zweiacker (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Medicago lupulina fruit picture by noel ferreira (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina fruit picture by Jacques Maréchal (cc-by-sa)
Medicago lupulina fruit picture by jeclerencia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Medicago lupulina world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bahamas, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Faroe Islands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Italy, Jordan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Malta, Mongolia, Mauritius, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Somalia, Slovakia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:506268-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213454
COL ID 3YNM2
BDTFX ID 41325
INPN ID 107649
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Medicago appenina Medicago canescens Medicago corymbifera Medicago eriocarpa Medicago revolii Medicago lupulina Melilotus medicaginoides Medicago breviflora Medicago mniocarpa Medicago apennina Trigonella mniocarpa Medicago wildenowii Medicago lupulina f. corymbosa Medicago lupulina f. leiocarpa Medicago lupulina f. polystachya Medicago lupulina f. stipularis Medicago lupulina f. unguiculata Medicago lupulina f. willdenowiana Medica lupulina Trifolium lupulinum Lupulina aurata Lupularia parviflora Medicago reniformis Medicago willdenowii Medicago stipularis Melilotus lupulinus Medicago cupianiana Medicago lupulina subsp. cupianiana Medicago lupulina var. glandulosa Medicago lupulina var. lupulina Medicago lupulina subsp. eurasiatica Medicula lupulina subsp. jalasii Medicula lupulina subsp. willdenowiana Medicago lupulina subsp. willdenowiana Medicago lupulina subsp. willdenowii Medicago lupulina var. axilis Medicago lupulina var. canescens Medicago lupulina var. cinerea Medicago lupulina var. corymbosa Medicago lupulina var. dzumgalensis Medicago lupulina var. eriocarpa Medicago lupulina var. glabra Medicago lupulina var. glanduligera Medicago lupulina var. hispida Medicago lupulina var. perennans Medicago lupulina var. polystachya Medicago lupulina var. scabra Medicago lupulina var. stipularis Medicago lupulina var. unguiculata Medicago lupulina var. vassilczennkoi Medicago lupulina var. willdenowiana Medicago willdenowii var. retorta

Lower taxons

Medicago lupulina var. willdenowii