Melianthus major L.

Honey bush (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Geraniales > Francoaceae > Melianthus

Characteristics

Shrub to c. 2 m high with stout, soft-wooded, hollow stems and suckering root system. Lvs to 50-(100) cm long, glaucous below. Stipules fused and sheathing, 7-15 cm long, ovate, cuspidate. Rachis winged. Leaflets 11-21, sessile, 8-15 × 3.5-7.5 cm, gradually tapering towards apex, ± folded, regularly and deeply serrate with teeth c. 1 cm long; basal pair smaller. Racemes dense, to c. 40 cm long, puberulent. Pedicels 1-2.5 cm long, dark red, with short glandular hairs. Bracts ovate or narrow-ovate, to 4 cm long, reddish brown, short-acuminate. Fls foetid, dark reddish brown. Anterior calyx segment much < others, gibbous, with short glandular hairs. Posterior calyx segments 2-3 cm long, ovate, with short glandular hairs. Petals much < calyx. Stamens c. 2 cm long. Style 1.5-2 cm long. Capsule 2.5-5 cm long, papery, acutely angled. Seeds 5-6 mm long, ± broad-ellipsoid, keeled, shining black.
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Erect, sappy shrub to 3 m high, glaucous, glabrous; stems fleshy. Leaves imparipinnate, to 35 (–50) cm long, waxy-blue; leaflets (7) 9–13, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, deeply serrate, sometimes double-serrate, to 12 cm long, to 5 cm wide, green and glabrous on both surfaces; stipules fused into 1 above petiole, broadly lanceolate, to 10 cm long. Inflorescence a dense terminal pedunculate raceme, up to 40 (–70) cm long, sometimes longer. Flowers red-brown. Sepals unequal, the longest 2–2.5 cm long, the shortest (abaxial) one saccate or spurred. Petals 4, sometimes 5, unequal, shorter and narrower than sepals, shortly exserted each side of abaxial sepal, the apices ±rolled. Ovary 4-lobed; style c. equal to stamens. Capsule (2–) 3–4 cm long, deeply 4-lobed, membranous-papery, glabrous. Seeds 2 per locule, ovoid, c. 5–6 mm long, black, shiny.
A shrub. It grows 1.8-3 m high. It has hollow thick stems. They grow from ground level with a few side branches. The leaves are large and have leaflets along the stalk. The leaves are 50 cm long and with 17 oval leaflets. The flowers are dark brown. They are in long, erect stalks. The fruit are black.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.25 - 2.75
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It grows in warm temperate places. It can grow in sun or light shade. It can tolerate drought. It is native to hilly grasslands of South Africa. It suits hardiness zones 8-11.
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Recorded from disturbed areas, roadsides, sand dunes, disturbed bushland, vegetation clearings, farmland.
Damp sandy areas. Grows alongside streams and roadside ditches.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The honey-like nectar of the flower is collected and eaten.
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Cultivated as an ornamental.
Uses dye environmental use medicinal ornamental poison
Edible flowers nectars
Therapeutic use Antiemetics (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Parasympatholytics (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Antiemetics (root), Emetics (root), Anti-poisoning (root), Snake bites (root), Fatality (unspecified), Gargle (unspecified), Gingivitis (unspecified), Necrosis (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tinea Capitis (unspecified), Antifungal agents (whole plant excluding root), Cardiovascular system (whole plant excluding root), Central nervous system depressants (whole plant excluding root), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant excluding root), Hypertension (whole plant excluding root), Hypothermia (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, divisions or seedlings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Melianthus major leaf picture by Ute Ronge (cc-by-sa)
Melianthus major leaf picture by tomas navazo (cc-by-sa)
Melianthus major leaf picture by bayes (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Melianthus major flower picture by Al Fdo (cc-by-sa)
Melianthus major flower picture by Quiroga Belen (cc-by-sa)
Melianthus major flower picture by roncuzzi rocco (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Melianthus major fruit picture by roncuzzi rocco (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Melianthus major world distribution map, present in Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bhutan, India, New Zealand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:783659-1
WFO ID wfo-0001083806
COL ID 6R97Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Melianthus himalayanus Melianthus major