Melilotus indicus (L.) All.

Annual yellow sweetclover (en), Mélilot des indes (fr), Mélilot des Indes (fr), Mélilot d'Inde (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Melilotus

Characteristics

Annual herbs, slightly pubescent to glabrescent. Stems erect or ascending, 20-50 cm, terete, simple or branching from base. Stipules lanceolate, 4-6 mm, base auriculate, with 2 or 3 tiny teeth, margin membranous; leaflets obovate-cuneate to nar­rowly oblong, 10-25(-30) × 8-10 mm, appressed hairy abaxi­ally, glabrous adaxially, lateral veins 7-9 pairs, parallel running into teeth, base cuneate, margins serrulate toward apex, apex obtuse or truncate, sometimes retuse. Racemes slender, dense, 1.5-4 cm; peduncle long; flowers 15-25; bracts filiform; pedi­cels ca. 1 mm. Corolla yellow, 2.2-2.8 mm; standard broadly ovate, retuse, equal to wings and keel, or sometimes keel slightly longer. Ovary narrowly ovate; ovules 2. Legume olive-green, becoming red-brown when ripe, globose, ca. 2 mm, slightly exserted from calyx, glabrous, veins reticulate. Seed 1, dark brown, broadly ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Mar-May, fr. May-Jun.
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Erect or ascending annual up to 0.6 m high; stems ± glabrous or sparsely hairy in upper parts. Lvs usually ± glabrous, sometimes sparsely or moderately hairy particularly when young; petioles c. 5-25 mm long; leaflets elliptic to obovate, usually obtuse, sometimes slightly emarginate or acute, usually shortly mucronate, obtuse to cuneate at base, serrate, c. 6-25 mm long; stipules lanceolate, entire or obscurely dentate at base. Racemes slender, dense at flowering and sometimes at fruiting but often elongated up to 12 cm at fruiting; fls (10)-numerous. Peduncles usually > petioles. Calyx ± glabrous or sparsely hairy; calyx teeth > tube, subulate. Corolla yellow, becoming white with age, 2-3 mm long; wings ± = keel. Pod glabrous, reticulately veined, 2-3-(4) mm long, 1-2-seeded; seeds light brown, 1.5-2 mm long.
An erect, branching, sparingly pilose annual.. Stipules often with a small tooth near the base; petiole up to 2 cm. long; rhachis ± 5 mm. long; leaflets cuneate-oblong or lanceolate, up to 25 mm. long by 9 mm. wide, coarsely toothed, rounded at the apex.. Racemes many-flowered, up to 10 cm. long, including a peduncle of up to 3 cm.; bracts subulate, ± 0·5 mm. long; pedicels ± 1 mm. long, reflexed after flowering.. Calyx ± 1·5 mm.. Corolla yellow, ± 2·5 mm. long.. Style 0·9–1·2 mm. long.. Pod 3–4 mm. by 2–3 mm., 1-seeded, with prominent reticulate veins.. Fig. 145/1–8.
An annual herb. It is erect and without hairs. It grows 60 cm high. The leaves are alternate and made up of 3 leaflets. They are 12-30 mm long. The flowers are yellow and pea-like. They are 2 mm long. They are clustered on stalks which arise from the bases of the leaves. The fruit is a round, slightly wrinkled pod. It is 2-2.5 mm long by 1.5-1.7 mm wide. It is olive green. It has one seed. The plant has a sweet scent.
Ascending or erect annual 2–6 dm; racemes very densely fld, 3–8 cm; pedicels at anthesis 0.5–0.8 mm, ascending; fls yellow, 2–3 mm; cal-teeth lance-oblong, obtuse; fr 1.5–3 mm, strongly reticulate-veiny; otherwise as no. 2 [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.]; 2n=16. Native of the Mediterranean region, now a cosmopolitan weed, abundant in the s. and Pacific states, and adventive in our range. Summer.
Erect or sprawling annual or biennial, up to 0.5(-1) m tall. Leaves 3-foliolate, petioles slender, leaflets obovate or narrowly obovate, truncate to notched, margins minutely toothed. Flowers minute, clustered in slender, long, pedunculate racemes, yellow. Pod small, ± ovoid, inflated to slightly compressed, surface wrinkled.
Annual herb, up to 1.2 m high; much branched. Leaves with finely toothed leaflets, rounded at apex; stipules often with a small tooth near base. Flowers: in many-flowered racemes; style 0.9-1.2 mm long; corolla yellow; Aug.-Nov. Pods predominantly reticulate-veined with a prominent, irregular network of veins, 2-3 mm long.
Annual, erect, branching shrub with pilose stem. Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets cuneate-oblong or lanceolate with rounded apex, roughly toothed. Stipules denticulate near base. Inflorescences many-flowered racemes. Flowers yellow. Flowering time Oct.-Jan. Pod 1-seeded, prominent reticulate veins.
Leaflets up to 25 × 9 mm, shortly cuneate-oblong or lanceolate, rounded at the apex, denticulate around the upper half or more; stipules lanceolate-subulate, entire, sometimes denticulate near the base.
Corolla yellow, ± twice as long as the calyx; standard c. 2.5 mm long, emarginate at apex; wings subequalling the keel, with small auricles; keel c. 2 mm long.
Racemes slender, many-flowered, at first compact and cylindrical, later elongating and laxer; peduncle up to 3 cm long.
Pod 2–3 mm long, globose-ovoid, strongly reticulately veined, 1-seeded.
Calyx c. 1 mm long; teeth narrowly deltoid, subequal, thinly hairy.
Flowers with pedicels c. 1 mm long, reflexed in fruit.
Erect, much branched, slender annual herb.
Seeds ovoid, finely verrucose.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A weed of fields, waste places and irrigated crops, also found near waterbodies, in river valleys, on seaside sands, in inhabited areas, roadsides, on exposed stony-debris slopes. Open places, alkaline soils of meadow, and roadsides.
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A weed of fields, waste places and irrigated crops, also found near waterbodies, in river valleys, on seaside sands, in inhabited areas, roadsides, on exposed stony-debris slopes. Open places, alkaline soils of meadow, and roadsides.
A Mediterranean plant. It grows on sandy soils in damp sites. It can grow in alkaline soils. Tasmania Herbarium. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-10
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

CAUTION: Don't use plants dried. The seeds are used to flavour biscuits.
Uses animal food bee plant cover crop environmental use experimental purposes fodder food forage green manure insecticide invertebrate food medicinal non-vertebrate poison pasture poison vertebrate poison
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Vitiligo (fruit), Analgesics (leaf), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Gastrointestinal diseases (leaf), Hypersensitivity (leaf), Analgesics (seed), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Astringents (seed), Colic (seed), Diabetes mellitus (seed), Diarrhea (seed), Diarrhea, infantile (seed), Dysmenorrhea (seed), Dyspepsia (seed), Edema (seed), Emollients (seed), Gastrointestinal diseases (seed), Hematologic diseases (seed), Inflammatory bowel diseases (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Tuberculosis, lymph node (seed), Deobstruent (seed), Laxative (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Bowel (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Discutient (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Tumor(Glands) (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Dermatitis (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Emollients (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Inflammatory bowel diseases (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), Narcotics (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified), Astringents (whole plant), Edema (whole plant), Emollients (whole plant), Narcotics (whole plant), Wounds and injuries (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Melilotus indicus habit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus habit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus habit picture by Tarmorin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Melilotus indicus leaf picture by Paco Pozo (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus leaf picture by Gabriel Alves (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus leaf picture by Havlíková Petra (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Melilotus indicus flower picture by roberto (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus flower picture by Pablo Lizondo (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus flower picture by pepe ferreira (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Melilotus indicus fruit picture by j B (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus fruit picture by Jean-Louis Fagard (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus indicus fruit picture by Miguel A. C. (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Melilotus indicus world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Malta, Mauritius, Niger, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Singapore, Slovakia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Chad, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1207360-2
WFO ID wfo-0000185378
COL ID 3ZFCK
BDTFX ID 41803
INPN ID 107914
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Melilotus indicus Melilotus permixtus Melilotus tommasinii Melilotus minimus Melilotus berardii Melilotus robinii Melilotus melilotus-indicus Melilotus parviflorus Trifolium indica Trifolium melilotus-indica Trifolium Trifolium melilotus-parviflorus Trigonella melilotus Trifolium indicum Melilotus boumettii Melilotus brachystachyus Medicago parviflora Melilotus parviflora Melilotus parviflorus Trifolium melilotus Sertula indica Melilotus occidentalis Melilotus exaltatus Melilotus rugulosus Melilotus reticulatus Melilotus bonplandii Trifolium rugulosum Melilotus indicus subsp. permixtus Trifolium melilotus var. indica Melilotus indica Trigonella smallii Melilotus indicus var. bonplandii Melilotus indicus var. exaltatus Melilotus indicus var. laxiflorus Melilotus indicus var. parvulus Melilotus indicus var. permixtus Melilotus neapolitanus var. macrocarpus Melilotus parviflorus var. rubrocalyx