Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.

Ribbed melilot (en), Mélilot officinal (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Melilotus

Characteristics

Biennial herbs, sparsely puberulent to glabrescent. Stems erect, 40-100(-250) cm, longitudinally ridged. Stipules linear-falcate, 3-5(-7) mm, entire or with 1 tooth at base; petiole slen­der; leaflets obovate, broadly ovate, oblanceolate, to linear, 15-25(-30) × 5-15 mm, lateral veins running into teeth, 8-12 pairs, margins shallowly serrate. Racemes 6-15(-20) mm, 30-70-flowered, dense at first, becoming lax in anthesis; bracts equal to pedicels, 1.5-2 mm. Corolla yellow, 4.5-7 mm; stan­dard ± equal to wings and keel. Ovary narrowly ovate; ovules (4-)6(-8). Legume ovoid, 3-5 × ca. 2 mm, veins transversely reticulate, dark brown, apex with persistent style. Seeds 1 or 2, yellowish brown, ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, smooth. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Jun-Oct.
More
Decumbent or erect biennial up to 1.5 m high; stems ± glabrous but sparsely hairy in upper parts. Lvs ± glabrous but sparsely hairy when young; petioles c. 5-25 mm long; leaflets narrowly to broadly elliptic or obovate, acute, obtuse or somewhat emarginate, mucronate, obtuse to cuneate at base, serrate, c. 10-25 mm long; stipules linear-lanceolate, entire. Racemes lax and slender, up to 20 cm long at fruiting; fls numerous. Peduncles > petioles. Calyx ± glabrous or sparsely hairy; calyx teeth mostly < tube, narrowly triangular. Corolla yellow, 4-6 mm long; wings > keel. Pod glabrous, transversely rugose, c. 3 mm long, 1-2-seeded; seeds light brown, 2-3 mm long.
Ascending or erect, taprooted biennial (annual) 0.5–1.5(–2) m; lfls oblanceolate to obovate, 1–2.5 cm; racemes 5–15 cm (peduncle included); pedicels 1.5–2 mm,decurved; fls yellow, 4.5–7 mm, the wings about as long as the banner; cal-teeth narrowly lanceolate, subulate; ovules 4–7; fr glabrous, 3–5 mm, strongly cross-ribbed; seeds usually 1 or 2; 2n=16. Native of Eurasia, established as a weed of waste places throughout our range, w. to the Pacific, not common southward. Summer.
A herb which takes 2 years to complete its life cycle. It can be erect or spreading. It grows 2.5 m long. The stems are branched. The leaflets are oval or sword shaped and have teeth. The flowers are yellow and 4-7 mm long. They are in loose slender clusters. The wings and standard are longer than the keel. The pods are oval and 3-5 mm long. They are rough and brown with veins across them.
Life form biennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.7
Mature height (meter) 1.35
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.95
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in temperate places. It grows on roadsides and waste ground. It is often on clay of salty soils. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium.
More
Grassy fields and roadsides, avoiding acid soils. Steppe meadows, along rivers, among bushes, along roads, along railways, in fields and in ruderal places.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 5-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

CAUTION: Don't use plants dried. Leaves and seeds flavour Gruyere cheese. The young leaves before flowering can be added to salads or boiled for 5 minutes. They are used as seasoning in baked rabbit. The leaves and flowers are used to flavour soups, stews and marinades. The seeds have been added to soups and stews as flavouring.
Uses cosmetics essential oil fodder forage green manure incense insecticide medicinal pasture poison seasoning spice
Edible flowers leaves pods roots seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (flower), Analgesics (flower), Anti-inflammatory agents (flower), Diuretics (flower), Analgesics (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Conjunctivitis (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dermatological Aid (rhizome), Common cold (seed), Febrifuge (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Anus (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Deodorant (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Prolapse (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Polypus(Nose) (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Cosmetic (unspecified), Myalgia (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Cordial (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Embolism (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Thrombosis (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Alterative (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Tumor(Lymphatic) (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anticoagulants (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Emollients (unspecified), Eye drops (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Hemostasis (unspecified), Hemostatics (unspecified), Hypnotics and sedatives (unspecified), Inflammatory bowel diseases (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Thrombophlebitis (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (whole plant), Arthritis (whole plant), Bronchitis (whole plant), Hemorrhage (whole plant), Inflammation (whole plant), Pain (whole plant), Phlebitis (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 12 - 24
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Melilotus officinalis habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis habit picture by agathaha (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis habit picture by bm54 (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Melilotus officinalis leaf picture by Benito Soto Fernando (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis leaf picture by Aeonium Rouge (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis leaf picture by M.angeles Basurte (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Melilotus officinalis flower picture by Benito Soto Fernando (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis flower picture by Radoslav Marinkovic (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis flower picture by Ernst Wettstein (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Melilotus officinalis fruit picture by Boumlik Messaïli (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis fruit picture by Eric Favre (cc-by-sa)
Melilotus officinalis fruit picture by Nathan Torres (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Melilotus officinalis world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Ecuador, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:507017-1
WFO ID wfo-0000213864
COL ID 3ZFDD
BDTFX ID 41848
INPN ID 107951
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Medicago officinalis Melilotus pallidus Trifolium officinale Trifolium melilotus-officinalis Trifolium Melilotus officinalis Melilotus arvensis Melilotus petitpierreanus Melilotus neglectus

Lower taxons

Melilotus officinalis subsp. albus Melilotus officinalis var. expansa Melilotus officinalis var. vulgaris