Mikania micrantha Kunth

Bittervine (en), Liane americaine (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Mikania

Characteristics

Slender, sparingly branched vines; stems yellowish or brownish, terete to slightly 4-angled, slightly striate, glabrate to sparsely puberulous, mostly fistulose. Leaves opposite; blades ovate, 3-13 cm long and to 10 cm wide, the base cordate to deeply cordate, the margins subentire to coarsely dentate, the apex narrowly short-acuminate, the surface glabrate with numerous pale glandular punctations, strongly trinervate from the base; petioles slender, 1-6 cm long. Inflorescence a corymbose panicle with subcymose branches, heads often in clusters of 3; ultimate branches up to 2 mm long, usually glabrous. Heads 4-5 mm high; subinvolucral bract narrowly elliptical to narrowly obovate, ca. 2 mm long, short-acuminate, glabrous to short-puberulous; involucral bracts oblong with short-acuminate tips, ca. 3.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous to short-puberulous; corolla white, 2.5-3.0 mm long, the tube narrow, 1.0-1.3 mm long, the limb broadly campanulate with partially to fully developed ridges of papillae inside, the lobes about as long as wide and strongly recurved when old, the outer surface with a few pale glands, the corolla cells mostly quadrate and less than 25 ,u wide; anther aopendages firm, triangular-ovate; style base glabrous, the style appendages with short papillae. Achenes 4-5-ribbed, 1.5-2.0 mm long with many scattered pale glands; pappus of 35-40 slender bristles mostly in 1 series, the tips usually slightly enlarged.
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Branched herbaceous to semi-woody vine to 6 m. Stems slender, terete to hexagonal, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, rooting at nodes. Leaves opposite; petiole 1–8 cm long; lamina ovate-deltoid, 3–13 cm long, 2–9 cm wide, cordate at base, entire to dentate, acuminate, trinerved, glabrous or sparsely glandular. Capitula in a mainly terminal corymbose panicle; peduncles 2–4 mm long; involucre narrow-campanulate; bracts in 2 series, oblong to obovate, 2–4 mm long, acuminate, glabrous to puberulous. Corolla c. 3 mm long, white. Achenes black, narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, c. 1.5–3.5 mm long, 4-or 5-ribbed, glandular, glabrous, or shortly scabrous on ribs. Pappus of elongated, erect, white scabrid bristles 2–4 mm long, persistent and shortly fused basally.
Vines, slender, branched. Stems yellowish or brownish, usually terete, slightly striate, glabrate to sparsely puberulent. Leaves opposite; petiole 1-6 cm; blade ovate, 3-13 × ca. 10 cm, both surfaces glabrate with numerous glandular spots, base cordate to deeply so, margin entire to coarsely dentate, apex shortly acuminate. Synflorescence a corymbose panicle, capitula clustered on subcymose branches; phyllaries oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, glabrous to puberulent, apex shortly acuminate; corollas white, 2.5-3 mm, tube narrow, limb broadly campanulate, inside papillate. Achenes 1.5-2 mm, 4-ribbed, with many scattered glands; pappus setae dirty white, ca. 3 mm. Fl. and fr. year-round. 2n = 36, 72.
A climber. It is a slender vine that branches. The stem are yellow. The leaves are opposite. The leaf stalks are 1-6 cm long. The leaves are oval and 3-13 cm long by 10 cm wide. The base is heart shaped. There can be coarse teeth along the edge.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.0 - 0.01
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Disturbed forest, stream banks, roadsides, pastures, plantations and cultivated crops in humid, sunny or shaded habitats at elevations up to 2,000 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 2,000 m above sea level. It grows along rivers and in marshy areas.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

In Hawai'i the species is used for therapeutic purposes, with the macerated plant being applied to wounds, insect stings and skin irritations (A.C.Smith, Fl. Vitiensis Nova 5: 299 (1991)). It has been occasionally grown in Queensland as a medicinal herb.
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The leaves are used for a tea drink probably more as a medicine.
Uses medicinal tea
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Tourniquet (unspecified), Scorpion (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Athlete's-Foot (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Mikania micrantha habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Mikania micrantha habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Mikania micrantha leaf picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Mikania micrantha leaf picture by Flor Alex (cc-by-sa)
Mikania micrantha leaf picture by George Henry (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Mikania micrantha flower picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Mikania micrantha flower picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Mikania micrantha flower picture by Iohann Roloff (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Mikania micrantha fruit picture by Amado Rosane (cc-by-sa)
Mikania micrantha fruit picture by Amado Rosane (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Mikania micrantha world distribution map, present in Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Myanmar, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Singapore, El Salvador, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Samoa, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:233265-1
WFO ID wfo-0000062531
COL ID 73KRM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 532934
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Eupatorium denticulatum Willoughbya micrantha Mikania micrantha f. micrantha Mikania micrantha f. hirsuta Mikania variabilis Mikania deltoides Willoughbya heterophylla Mikania tamoides Mikania sinuata Mikania denticulata Mikania glechomifolia Mikania orinocensis Eupatorium orinocense Mikania subcymosa Mikania umbellifera Mikania subcrenata Willoughbya variabilis Mikania glechomaefolia Kleinia alata Mikania micrantha var. micrantha Mikania scandens var. subcymosa Mikania scandens var. umbellifera Willoughbya scandens var. orinocensis Mikania scandens var. hirsuta Mikania scandens var. villosa Mikania micrantha