Mimosa pigra L.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Mimosa

Characteristics

Shrub to a few meters tall, sometimes scandent, the branchlets usually con-spicuously setose-hispid and armed with formidable recurved thorns. Leaves re-ported sensitive, moderate to large, bipinnate, the pinnae up to 15 or even more pairs opposite on the rachis, the leaflets usually about 25 or 30 pairs per pinna; petiole comparatively short, seldom more than 1 or 2 cm. long, eglandular, hispid like the twigs, usually aculeate; rachis 4-25 cm. long, similar to the petiole, egland-ular, the thorns frequently becoming acicular; pinnae 2-7 cm. long, hispid; leaflets linear, 2-8 mm. long and approximating 1 mm. in width, acute apically, inequi-laterally rounded or subtruncate basally, appressed-pubescent (especially below) and setose-ciliate margined, longitudinally few-veined, these veins prominent below; stipules ovate-lanceolate, as much as 8 mm. long, pubescent. Inflorescence of solitary or few-fasciculate, pedunculate heads, axillary from foliate and sub-terminal non-foliate nodes; peduncles up to 5 cm. long in age, hispid; head ovoid, dense; floral bractlets linear, 2-3 mm. long, pectinate above the middle. Flowers sessile, whitish; calyx tubular, about 2 mm. long, cleft to one side, laciniate apically, glabrous; corolla funnelform, about 4 mm. long, short-hispid apically, the 4 lobes less than I/2 the length of the tube; stamens 8, free, the filaments scabrous and expanded distally; ovary setose-hispid. Legume linear-oblong, mostly 4-7 cm. long and little more than 1 cm. wide, short-beaked, stipitate, flat, 7-to 20-seg-mented, densely hispid-setose both on the persistent margins and on the segments.
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Shrub to 3 m high, sometimes scandent or rambling; stems armed with broad-based prickles up to 7 mm long, also usually appressed-or sometimes spreading-setose. Leaves sensitive; petioles, rhachides and rhachillae usually setulose: petiole 0.3-1.4 cm long; rhachis 2-12 cm long, with a straight, erect or forward-pointing, slender prickle up to 1 cm long at the junction of each of the (2)4-14 pairs of pinnae, often with other stouter, spreading or deflexed prickles between the pinnae pairs; rhachillae 1.8-3.6 cm long; leaflets in 18-33 pairs, 3-9 x 0.5 1.25 mm, linear-oblong, ± appressed-pubescent, particularly on the lower surface, margins often setulose, venation nearly parallel to the midrib. Stipules up to 5 mm long, often persistent. Flowers pink or mauve, in subglobose pedunculate heads ±1 cm in diameter, 1-2 in the axils of the upper leaves; peduncles 1-3 cm long, setulose. Calyx minute, 0.75-1 mm long, laciniate. Corolla tubular-campanulate, 2-3 mm long, lobes usually densely pubescent or minutely setulose apically. Stamens 8, free, up to 6 mm long; anthers eglandular apically. Ovary sessile, up to 2 mm long, densely villous. Pods clustered, brown, compressed, straight or slightly falcate, 2.5-7 x 0.8-1.2 cm, bristly all over, breaking up transversely into segments 3-5 mm long, the margins persisting as an empty frame. Seeds olive-brown, narrowly elliptic, up to 7 x 3.5 mm, smooth.
Scrambling or climbing shrub to c. 4 m high. Stems terete, prickly, especially in the juvenile parts densely covered with appressed setae, shoots often with sparse foliage at the base. Leaves: petiole 0.8(-2.8) cm, rachis 3.5-17(-18) cm, slightly angular, densely hispid, with two straight spines, 0.3-1.1 cm at the junction of the pinnae; pinnae 6-14(-16) pairs, evenly distributed along the rachis, c. 3.5-4.5 cm, hispid; leaflets 20-45 pairs per pinna, linear-oblong, with hispid margins, 5.5-8.5 by 0.8-1.1 cm, sharply acute. Inflorescences consisting of pedunculate glomerules, solitary or paired in the upper leaf-axils, peduncles c. 2 cm long, hispid. Flowers sessile, bisexual, tetra-merous. Calyx scarious, tubular at the base, densely laciniate in the distal portion, 1 mm. Corolla funnel-shaped, 3 mm, tube glabrous; lobes ovate-elliptic, acute, c. 1.2 mm, glabrous towards the base, hirsute at the apex. Stamens 8, filaments pink. Ovary 1.5 mm, densely velutinous. Pods clustered, straight, linear-oblong, c. 6 by 1 cm, beaked, densely scabrous; segments 2-3 mm. Seeds grey-brown, oblong, biconvex, 5-5.5 by 2.5 mm.
Shrub 0.6–3(–4.5) m. high, sometimes scandent or rambling.. Stems armed with broad-based prickles up to 7 mm. long, also usually ± appressed-setose.. Leaves sensitive; petiole 0.3–1.5 cm. long; rhachis 3.5–12(–18) cm. long, with a straight ± erect or forward-pointing slender prickle (sometimes short) at the junction of each of the 6–14(–16) pairs of pinnae, sometimes with other stouter spreading or deflexed prickles between the pairs; leaflets 20–42 pairs, linear-oblong, 3–8(–12.5) mm. long, 0.5-l.25(–2) mm. wide; venation nearly parallel with midrib, margins often setulose.. Flowers mauve or pink, in subglobose pedunculate heads about 1 cm. in diameter, 1–2(–3) together in upper axils.. Calyx minute, laciniate, 0.75–1 mm. long.. Corolla about 2.25–3 mm. long.. Stamens 8.. Pods clustered, brown, densely bristly all over, 3–8 cm. long, 0.9–1.4 cm. wide, breaking up transversely into segments 3–4 mm. long, the sutures persisting as an empty frame.. Fig. 13, p. 44.
Shrub to 5 m tall; branchlets terete, appressed-setose, often with broadly based, recurved prickles to 12 mm long. Leaves: axes to 31 cm long, appressed-setulose with scattered or paired prickles to 10 mm long between pinnae pairs and one slender prickle at each pair. Pinnae 12–15-jugate; leaflets 20–45-jugate, to 8.5 mm long, c. 1 mm wide, linear, setulose at the margins. Inflorescences 1–3 per axil or in terminal pseudoracemes; peduncles to 70 mm long, appressed setulose; heads pink, subglobose to oblong, to 10 mm diam. or to 14 mm long. Flowers 4-merous, diplostemonous. Pod flat, linear, to 12 cm long, 9–14 mm wide, straight to slightly curved, densely setose on margins, sparingly long-setose on faces. Seeds ±oblong, 4.5–6 mm long, olivaceous.
Perennial shrub; stems with bristly hairs, often scandent and armed with broad-based prickles, up to 7 mm long. Leaves bipinnate, sensitive to touch, rachis 20-120 mm long, with straight, erect or forward-pointing, slender prickles up to 10 mm long at junction between pinnae. Pinnae in (2)4-14 pairs, often with stouter prickles in between. Leaflets in 8-33 pairs, linear-oblong. Stipules often persistent, up to 5 mm long. Flowers pink in subglobose, pedunculate heads. Flowering time all year. Pod clustered, brown, compressed, straight to slightly falcate, bristly all over, breaking up transversely into segments and margins persisting as an empty frame.
A small shrub. It can be 6 m tall. The stems are green but become woody later. There are broad prickles 7 mm long. The leaves are bright green and twice divided. The central stalk is 20-25 cm long and has prickles. There are 16 pairs of pinnae 5 cm long and each has pairs of leaflets 3-8 mm long. The leaves fold up when touched and at night. The flowers are red or pink and in tight heads 1 cm across. These contain about 100 flowers. Each head produces 10-20 seed pods. These break into segments when ripe. Each section contains one seed. The seeds are light brown or green.
Leaves sensitive; petiole 0·3-1·5(1·8) cm. long; rhachis 3·5-12(18) cm. long, with a straight, ± erect or forward-pointing, slender prickle (sometimes short) at the junction of each of the 6-14(21) pairs of pinnae, sometimes with other stouter, spreading or deflexed prickles between the pairs; leaflets 15-42 pairs, 3-8(12·5) x 0·5-1·25(2) mm., linear-oblong, ± appressed-pubescent, particularly on the lower surface; venation nearly parallel with the midrib, margins often setulose.
Shrub, up to 3 m high, sometimes scandent or rambling. Leaves with straight, erect or forward pointing, slender prickle at junction of each pinna pair; pinnae in 4-14 pairs. Pods clustered, bristly all over, breaking up transversely into segments 3-5 mm long, margins persisting as an empty frame. Flowers in heads; pink, mauve.
Shrub 0·6-3(4·5) m. high, sometimes scandent or rambling; stems armed with broad-based prickles up to 7 mm. long, also usually ± appressed-or sometimes spreading-setose.
Pods clustered, brown, 3-8·5 x 0·9-1·4 cm., bristly all over, breaking up transversely into segments 3-6 mm. long, the margins persisting as an empty frame.
Flowers mauve or pink, in subglobose pedunculate heads c. 1 cm. in diam., 1-2(3) together in the upper axils.
Calyx minute, 0·75-1 mm. long, laciniate.
Corolla c. 2·25-3 mm. long.
Pale mauve flower-balls
Sensitive leaves
A prickly shrub
Stamens 8.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist, open sites, forming a monospecific stand and competing with sedgeland and grassland communities so that the ground flora under dense stands is sparse to non-existent. Its favoured habitat is around water and on floodplains
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in wet savannah and along rivers. It is also in palm groves and along the edges of small lakes. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level.
Grows in clay, sandy loam and lateritic soil along watercourses, margins of mangrove swamps and coastal salt flats.
Forming dense thickets on river banks.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food dye environmental use food food additive fuel material medicinal social use wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Cold (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Head (unspecified), Mouthwash (unspecified), Snuff (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants grow from seeds. Dry seeds on sandy soil can survive for over 20 years.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Mimosa pigra habit picture by Muzzachiodi Norberto (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Mimosa pigra leaf picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)
Mimosa pigra leaf picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)
Mimosa pigra leaf picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Mimosa pigra flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Mimosa pigra flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Mimosa pigra flower picture by Stefanes Marcos (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Mimosa pigra fruit picture by Neves Vinícius (cc-by-sa)
Mimosa pigra fruit picture by Muzzachiodi Norberto (cc-by-sa)
Mimosa pigra fruit picture by Rodríguez Anamaría (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Mimosa pigra world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritania, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Somalia, Suriname, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Mimosa pigra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:313003-2
WFO ID wfo-0000165078
COL ID 43GN7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 532910
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Mimosa hispida Mimosa ciliata Mimosa asperata var. pigra Mimosa pigra

Lower taxons

Mimosa pigra var. pigra Mimosa pigra var. dehiscens Mimosa pigra var. asperata