Mimusops caffra E.Mey. ex A.Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Sapotaceae > Mimusops

Characteristics

Tree or large shrub up to about 15 m high, with stem up to 50 cm diam.; youngest parts densely rusty-tomentose. Leaves obovate, obovate-oblong or obovate-cuneate to almost obcordate, 3-7 cm long and 1.5-4 cm broad, firmly coriaceous, usually with strongly reflexed margin, glaucous and glabrous above, paler and appressed silky-pubescent beneath (almost invariably white or silvery), with usually rounded, emarginate or retuse apex, base tapering into the 5-15 mm long petiole. Flowers usually numerous on one branchlet, often 2-4 together in the leaf axils; pedicels usually recurved, 2-3 cm long, mostly distinctly 4-angled, shortly rusty-tomentose, tending to turn grey. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, about 1 cm long; outer ones rusty-tomentose outside, about 3 mm wide, inner ones with pale tomentum, about 2 mm wide. Corolla glabrous; tube short; lobes lanceolate, about 10 mm long, with about 7 mm long lanceolate appendages. Filaments about 2.5 mm long; anthers about 6 mm long. Staminodes triangular-ovate, slightly longer than the filaments, densely pilose outside. Ovary ovoid, densely pilose, about 2 mm long; style long-cylindrical, tapering into an acute point, about 11 mm long. Fruit ovoid, 1.5-2 cm long, 1-1.5 cm diam., more or less rounded at the top but often contracted into and crowned by the persistent style, red when ripe, edible, usually (always?) 1-seeded; calyx-lobes persistent under the fruit, not reflexed, but appressed to the fruit, greyish pubescent. Seed oval, subcompressed, indistinctly keeled at the ventral side, not produced at the base, 13-17 mm long, 8-9 mm wide and 5-7 mm thick in the middle; testa shining brown.
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A tree. They can be 15-30 m tall. The branches are spreading. The trunk is 60 cm across. The bark is rough and cracked. Young plant parts have red hairs. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are leathery and narrow to the base. They are 1.3-7 cm long by 1-4 cm wide. The edges roll under. They are grey-green above and paler underneath. The leaf stalks are 0.6-1.3 cm long. The flower buds are grouped in the axils of leaves. They are on long, curved, red, hairy stalks. The flowers are white and like stars. The fruit are 1.5-2 cm long and round. They are red when ripe. The pulp is starchy and sweet. The fruit are edible. There is one oval shiny brown seed.
Small tree or shrub, 1-15 m high. Leaves leathery, glossy above, densely and minute brownish appressed-pubescent below, obovate-cuneate or obcordate, distinctly narrowing towards base, usually emarginate or retuse, margins strongly revolute; petioles ± 16 mm long. Flowers white, axillary; pedicels 15-30 mm long. Calyx brownish pubescent, 8 mm long, lobes narrowly whorled, triangular, inner lanceolate, paler and delicate. Corolla: tube 1.5 mm long. Stamens: filaments subulate; anthers 3.5 mm long. Ovary 2.5 mm long; style 6.5 mm long. Flowering time Nov.-Aug. Fruit 1-few-seeded, orange-red. Seeds 13 mm long, with small, circular, basal scar.
Leaves very leathery. Lamina 3–9 x 1·8–4·3 cm., cordate or broadly to narrowly obovate with apex slightly emarginate or rarely rounded–acute; base acute; margin thickened, slightly revolute; petiole 7–16 mm. long. Midrib slightly raised on both surfaces, other nerves faint. Upper leaf surface appressed–pubescent when young, soon glossy, glabrous, lower surface densely and minutely brownish or ferrugineous appressed–pubescent, rarely subglabrous.
Corolla equalling calyx, connate at base into a tube c. 1·5 mm. long; median segments lanceolate with involute margins, lateral segments slightly shorter, each divided almost to the base into two narrowly triangular laciniae.
Calyx c. 8 mm. long; lobes of outer whorl narrowly triangular, brownish–pubescent, those of inner whorl lanceolate, paler and more delicate than outer, with distinct median dorsal groove.
Fruit an edible plum–shaped berry up to 2·5 cm. long, orange–red when ripe; fruiting calyx not reHexed; style persistent.
Young stems greyish or ferrugineous appressed–pubescent, older branches glabrous with striated grey bark.
Stamens c. 5 mm. long; filaments subulate, anthers c. 3–5 mm. long.
Flowers white, borne 1–8 in leaf axils; pedicels 1·5–3 cm. long.
Much–branched evergreen shrub or small tree 1–5(12) m. tall.
Ovary c. 2·5 mm. long; style c. 6·5 mm. long.
Staminodes c. 3·5 mm. long.
Seed 10–13 mm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.6
Mature height (meter) 12.5 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Coastal thickets on sand dunes, where it rarely exceeds 5 metres tall and where its foliage suffers under salt spray and sea winds. It may be dominant in sheltered coastal forest behind the littoral zone, where it can reach 20 metres.
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A tropical plant. It is native to South Africa. They often grow along the seashore. It is very wind resistant.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. They are sweet. They can also be made into a drink.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Mimusops caffra unspecified picture

Distribution

Mimusops caffra world distribution map, present in Mozambique, Puerto Rico, and South Africa

Conservation status

Mimusops caffra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787870-1
WFO ID wfo-0000244522
COL ID 6RLTN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 789621
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Kaukenia caffra Mimusops caffra Mimusops revoluta Mimusops revoluta