Mimusops zeyheri Sond.

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Sapotaceae > Mimusops

Characteristics

Tree up to 15 m tall; branches spreading, forming a leafy, umbrageous canopy, or often appearing as a large shrub; young vegetative parts appressed rusty-tomentose; branches, petioles and leaves ultimately glabrous. Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, shiny above, paler beneath, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-obovate, sometimes obovate or broadly elliptic, sometimes broadly lanceolate, apex obtusely acuminate or gradually tapering, obtuse or more rarely slightly emarginate, occasionally rounded, tapering at the base, margin slightly thickened and subreflexed, 4-11 cm long and 2-5 cm wide; petiole 10-35 mm long. Flowers often numerous on the twigs in fascicles of 3 or more, sometimes only 1-3 per axil; pedicels 10-30 mm long, rusty-pubescent, recurved. Sepals long-triangular to ovate-lanceolate, acute; the outer ones rusty-pubescent often with a narrow pale edge, 5-7 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, the inner ones pale greyish-white tomentose, slightly shorter and narrower. Corolla-lobes about 6 mm long, linear-lanceolate, acute, their appendages about as long or shorter, 4-6 mm, linear-lanceolate and acute. Anthers elongate-sagittate, apiculate, about 3-5 mm long on subulate 1-5 mm long filaments. Staminodes long-triangular or triangular-lanceolate, either shorter than the stamens and acute, or longer than the stamens and long-acuminate to nearly aristate; densely pilose outside. Ovary globose or ovoid, about 2.5 mm long, villous, attenuate into the 5-10 mm long glabrous, terete long-subulate style. Berry ovoid, ellipsoid or almost spherical, 2-3 cm long, 1-2.5 cm diam., sometimes smaller, glabrous and yellow when ripe, usually crowned by the persistent style (at least when young), with mealy, edible pulp, 1-4 seeded. Seeds obovate or elliptic, compressed, usually 15-20 mm long, 9-12 mm wide and 4-5 mm thick, sometimes considerably smaller; often (especially when 1 or 2 seeds are present) more or less laterally produced or at any rate somewhat attenuate at the base; the scar nearly basal, almost horizontal, in a hollow sinus; testa light brown, shiny.
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Small to medium tree (rarely a shrub), height up to 20 m., with much branched dense evergreen crown; bark grey or blackish, rough.. Young branches and petioles with ferrugineous pubescence, later wearing away.. Petioles 1–3 cm. long.. Leaf-lamina thinly coriaceous to coriaceous, ± elliptic, obovate-elliptic to ± oblanceolate, (4-)5–9(–11) cm. long, (l.7-)2.3–4(–4.5) cm. wide, obtuse to ± broadly acute or rarely shortly acuminate, broadly cuneate; upper surface dark green and glossy, with slightly raised nervation, lower surface paler, practically glabrous except on and near midrib; lateral nerves ascending, finely raised.. Flowers usually 2–3 per axil; pedicels l.5–2.5(–3.5) cm. long, curved, with dense ferrugineous or brownish pubescence.. Outer sepals ± lanceolate, up to 11 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, externally with dense ferrugineous or brownish pubescence.. Corolla-lobes cream or whitish, trifid; segments linear-lanceolate, up to 9.5 mm. long; tube up to 2 mm. long.. Filaments up to 3 mm. long.. Staminodes narrowly lanceolate, up to 5 mm. long, narrowly acute, simple or sometimes minutely laciniate.. Ovary up to 2.5 mm. long, densely pilose; style tapering, up to 1 cm. long.. Mature fruit an orange or yellowish ± ellipsoid or ovoid-subglobose berry, 1.5–3.5 cm. long and 1.5–2.5 cm. in diameter, with firm tough skin.. Seeds 1–2 (very rarely more), variable in shape, generally ± ellipsoid or sometimes ± oblong when more than one seed present, l–2(–2.5) cm. long, up to 1.2 cm. wide and 6 mm. thick; testa shiny pale brown, hard and horny; hilum ± basal in small circular depression.
An evergreen tree. It often grows 4.5-6 m tall but can be 15 m tall. It has spreading branches. Young plant parts have reddish hairs. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are leathery and dark green above and duller underneath. Leaves are 3.5-11 cm long by 2-5 cm wide. The leaf stalks are reddish and 2.5 cm long. The young leaves are a rusty velvet below. The flowers are white. They have a sweet smell. They occur in clusters on long, curved, hairy red stalks. The fruit are round berries 2-3 cm long. When young they are green with white dots and when mature are bright yellow. There are one or more shiny brown seeds inside. The fruit are edible.
Leaf–lamina 3·5–11·5 x 1·4–5·5 cm., elliptic, oblong–elliptic, obovate–elliptic or lanceolate; apex tapering or acute or rounded and slightly emarginate, but most often bluntly apiculate; base acute to acuminate; petiole 0·6–3·5 cm. long. Upper leaf surface glossy, usually with prominent midrib and vein reticulation but sometimes the latter obscured beneath the thick leathery cuticle, initially or soon becoming completely glabrous. Lower surface mat, with prominent midrib and fairly conspicuous reticulation, more tardily glabrescent than above, indumentum sometimes becoming grey, sometimes persisting along midrib.
Tree, up to 15 m high. Leaves often longer than 60 mm, petioles longer than 10 mm, young leaves and tips of young branches densely rusty-pubescent. Flowers up to 15 mm in diameter when fully expanded, often in clusters of more than 2 flowers; dull white, pale cream or pale yellow.
Evergreen shrub branching near the ground to tall tree with long clean trunk, 2–23 m. tall; slash white, pink or crimson; bark grey to black, smooth or shallowly grooved or roughly reticulately fissured; buttresses absent; crown (in larger specimens) wide–spreading, rounded.
Corolla equalling or slightly longer or shorter than calyx, white to pale brownish–yellow; lateral segments narrowly triangular or lanceolate, median segment equalling, longer or shorter than laterals, elliptic with narrow basal attachment; tube 1–2 mm. long.
Fruit up to 4·5 cm. long, edible, plum–shaped, 1–seeded, with brittle yellow or orange epicarp and floury astringent orange pulp; fruiting calyx cupped round fruit or spreading.
Young stems and leaves often densely ferrugineous appressed–pubescent, glabrescent, older twigs with longitudinally wrinkled grey bark.
Flowers sweetly scented, borne in axillary fascicles of 1–7; pedicels 10–17 mm., but elongating in fruit.
Staminodes half as long as to almost equalling corolla, shorter or longer than stamens.
Gynoecium 6·5–9 mm. long.
Anthers 2·5–3·5 mm. long.
Calyx 6·5–9·5 mm. long.
Seed c. 1·8 mm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in savannah woodland. It needs well-drained soil. It needs a mild winter climate and summer rainfall. It grows between 1,150-2,100 m above sea level. In Zimbabwe it is between 880-1,490 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 9-11.
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Characteristic of riparian woodland, found even on sandy, infertile alluvial soils, and termite mounds; occasionally also found in swamp forest, thickets and rocky hill slopes.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. It can be sun dried then stored. The fruit is used for jams and jellies and is also fermented for an alcoholic drinks. Caution: Alcohol is a cause of cancer.
Uses animal food environmental use food gene source material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. The seed need to be planted fresh. Stored seed need to be immersed in water for 24 hours before sowing.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Mimusops zeyheri leaf picture by Jan Heyl (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Mimusops zeyheri world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Mozambique, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Mimusops zeyheri threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:788090-1
WFO ID wfo-0000244755
COL ID 43J2R
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Mimusops affinis Mimusops blantyreana Mimusops decorifolia Mimusops zeyheri Mimusops monroi Mimusops zeyheri var. laurifolia