Minquartia guianensis Aubl.

Black manwood (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Santalales > Olacaceae > Minquartia

Characteristics

Small to large tree, (2-)10-20(-30) m tall; bole straight, angular, with rather deep, 0.5-2 m long grooves, older ones sometimes perforated, to 1.4 m diam.; bark brownish-gray, with small oblong scales and vertical, straight cracks closely together, showing white latex when cut; sapwood yellow, hard. Branches angular, glabrous; branchlets as all young parts usually more or less densely grayish-, or mostly rusty-puberulent with branched hairs. Petioles broadly channeled, (5-) 20-30(-40) x 1-2(-3) mm; blades chartaceous to coriaceous, oblong to elliptic, sometimes lanceolate, (6-)10-16(-35) x (2.5-)4-6(-13) cm, apex abruptly short-acuminate, tip acute or bluntish, base obtuse to rounded-truncate, grayish-olivaceous when dry, glabrous, shiny and often slightly tuberculate above, dull and often puberulous especially on the veins beneath, primary vein prominent on both surfaces, secondary veins (6-)10-14(-17) pairs, rather straight-ascending and subparallel, curved before the margin, slightly impressed above, prominent beneath, tertiary veins transverse, closely subparallel. Spikes solitary in the upper axils, simple, or rarely few-branched, shortly pedunculate, rusty-tomentellous in all outer parts, 2-6(-9) cm long. Flowers cream, scented, 2-5 per fascicle. Calyx obscurely 5(-6)-dentate, laxly set with dark glands, ca. 1 mm long; petals connate into a campanulate tube for 1-1.5 mm, free lobes with subacut apexe, inner side with long erect hairs, 1-1.5 mm long; stamens inserted just below the orifice, filaments glabrous; ovary subglobose. Drupe ellipsoid, rarely subovoid, yellowish-reddish initially, becoming purplish-black at full maturity, 2-2.5(-3) x 1.5(-2) cm, on peduncle 2-3 mm long.
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Trees to 30 m. tall, the young branches angular, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, 8-16 cm. long, 3.0-7.5 cm. broad, abruptly and briefly acuminate at the apex, rounded or obtuse at the base, chartaceous, glabrous, the costa emersed above and below, the primary lateral nerves numerous, conspicuous; petiole 5-23 mm. long, broadly canaliculate. Inflorescence spicate, rusty-tomentulose, the rhachis elongat-ing to 5 cm. long, the flowers sessile, subtended by small ovate bracts. Calyx cupuliform, about 1 mm. long, 1.5-2.0 mm. in diameter, 5-toothed, rusty-tomentulose without; petals 5, connate into a campanulate corolla tube, the tube 1.0-1.5 mm. long, tomentulose without, black-punctate within, the lobes 1.0-1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, villous within; stamens 10, inserted just below the orifice, the alternipetalous inserted slightly lower than the antipetalous, the anthers broader than long, minute, the filaments about 0.5 mm. long, glabrous; ovary globose, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, densely rusty-tomentulose, the style short. Immature drupe ellipsoid, about 7 mm. long, 4 mm. in diameter.
A tree. It grows 33 m high. The trunk has holes and furrows. The leaves have straight parallel side veins. The flowers are in spikes in the axils of leaves. They are 5 cm long. It has brown hairs. The fruit is narrowly oval. It is 2 cm long by 1 cm wide. It is green when young and turns yellow to red when ripe. The flesh is edible. The seed casing is 1.5 cm long by 0.8 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support parasite
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rainforests, in both primary and secondary formations, most commonly in sites not liable to seasonal inundation, growing in both sandy and clayey soils at elevations from sea level to 1,000 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in rainforest and savanna forest.
Light 1-6
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses: The grayish-brownish wood is hard, heavy, and extremely durable, used mainly for poles.
Uses material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Minquartia guianensis leaf picture by velez Luis (cc-by-sa)
Minquartia guianensis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-sa)
Minquartia guianensis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Minquartia guianensis world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Minquartia guianensis threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:110121-1
WFO ID wfo-0000448413
COL ID 43K4C
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 734495
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Endusa punctata Eganthus poeppigii Secretania loranthacea Minquartia punctata Minquartia parvifolia Minquartia macrophylla Minquartia guianensis