Monodora angolensis Welw.

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Annonaceae > Monodora

Characteristics

Shrub or tree 3–20 m. tall, with trunk about 40 cm. in diameter; bark nearly black, vertically shallowly furrowed of rugose; branchlets glabrous.. Leaf-blades oblong-elliptic, obovate or oblanceolate, (2.5–)4.5–18(–20) cm. long, (1.5–)2–7(–8.5) cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, subcoriaceous or thin, glabrous, glaucous; venation prominent on both surfaces.. Flowers solitary or paired, axillary or extra-axillary, hanging, fragrant; pedicels 1.5–8 cm. long, glabrous; bracteoles round or broadly ovate, 5–10 mm. long and wide, acuminate, amplexicaul, glabrous.. Sepals green, tinged or speckled with red or purple, ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–1 cm. long, 3–6 mm. wide, subacute, the margins undulate, sometimes ciliate.. Outer petals greenish-yellow or orange spotted with red, white or purple at the base or sometimes purple with yellow veining below, yellow-green with purple mottling above, ovate-oblong, 3–6 cm. long, 1.5–3 cm. wide, obtuse or acute, spreading at the base, curved above with undulate margins, glabrous;inner petals white or pink or tinged yellow, sometimes minutely purple mottled along the margins, often with 2 yellow marks at the base, broadly ovate, rounded or ± sagittate, (0.4–)0.6–1.5 cm. long, (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.9) cm. wide, the claw (0.3–)0.6–1 cm. long, attenuate, acute or apiculate at the apex, at first usually connivent, later erect, ciliate, pubescent or glabrous on the margins.. Stamens almost round, ± 0.5 mm. long.. Ovary conical, ± 1 mm. long, glabrous.. Fruiting pedicel ± 3–8 cm. long, thick; fruit hanging, globose or ovoid, 5–9 cm. long, 4.5–7 cm. wide, longitudinally ribbed, rugose, glabrous, the pericarp thick and coriaceous.. Seeds chestnut, ovoid or irregularly ellipsoidal, 1–1.5 cm. long, 0.8–1 cm. wide, 7 mm. thick, compressed, smooth and shining.. Fig. 28.
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Petals (outer) greenish-yellow to orange with purplish spots, whitish or pink-flushed towards the base, 3–6 x 1.5–3 cm., ovate or oblong, obtuse to acute or attenuate, widely spreading with undulate margins, the inner ones white or pink, often with two yellow spots at the base of the lamina, (0.4) 0.6–1.1 x (0.5) 0.9–1.5 (1.9) cm., broadly ovate or sagittate, obtuse or cuspidate, with a claw (0.3) 0.7–1.0 cm. long, erect or ± connivent, with margins glabrous or ± pubescent.
A medium sized tree. It grows 20 m tall. The trunk can be 40 cm across. The branches are low down. The leaves are 5-20 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. The flowers have petals 3-6 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. They have a scent. The fruit are round to cone shaped and 6-8 cm long by 5-7 cm wide at the base.
Flowers solitary or rarely paired, axillary or extra-axillary, pendulous, appearing with the mature leaves, scented; pedicel 1.5–6 (8) cm. long, slender; bracteole 5–10 mm. long, orbicular or ovate, acuminate or apiculate, amplexicaul.
Leaves petiolate; lamina (4.5) 6.5–18.5 (20) x (2) 2.8–7 (8.5) cm., oblong or elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate, acuminate or cuspidate at the apex, cuneate to ± rounded at the base, subcoriaceous; petiole 2–8 mm. long.
Fruit 5–9 x 4.5–7 cm., globose or ovoid-conic, rugose with very prominent longitudinal and reticulate ridges, mottled green and white, glabrous, pendulous, on an elongate pedicel up to c. 8 cm. long.
Sepals 5–10 mm. long, triangular-lanceolate, subacute, recurved, with ± undulate and sometimes ciliate margins, green or purplish-spotted.
Shrub or tree, 3–20 m. high, almost completely glabrous.
Seeds c. 1.3 cm. long, ± flattened-ovoid, smooth, brown.
Stamens c. 0.5 mm. long, oblong or ± orbicular.
Ovary c. 1 mm. long, ± conic.
Branches dark purple.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Evergreen forest of closed mixed type, also found in riverine forests, evergreen thickets, forest edges and fringing forests in savannah, at elevations from near sea level to 1,350 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in humid forests.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The seeds are used as a nutmeg substitute in soup, and with vegetables and meat.
Uses medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Spice (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from fresh seeds. The seed is soaked in cold water for 12 hours.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Vigor -
Productivity -

Conservation status

Monodora angolensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:74120-1
WFO ID wfo-0000373083
COL ID 446YK
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Monodora louisii Monodora durieuxii Monodora gibsonii Monodora letestui Monodora angolensis