Musa acuminata Colla

Edible banana (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Zingiberales > Musaceae > Musa

Characteristics

Pseudostems green with black blotches, ca. 4.8 m. Leaf sheath and petiole pruinose; petiole ca. 80 cm, margin erect or spreading and basally with scarious wings; leaf blade adaxially green and pruinose, abaxially yellow-green and pruinose or not, oblong, 1.9--2.3 m × 50--70 cm, base cordate, asymmetric, midvein adaxially green, abaxially white-yellow. Inflorescence subhorizontal or vertically reflexed; peduncle usually downy or hairy. Bracts bright red to dark violet, sometimes yellow at extreme apex, ovate, apex usually acute. Male flowers ca. 20 per bract, in 2 rows. Compound tepal white or cream, lemon yellow at apex, 3.5--4 cm, apex of outer lobes with a hooklike, hairy appendage; free tepal not more than 1/2 as long as compound tepal, apex emarginate, shortly apiculate. Infructescence ca. 1.2 m; peduncle to 70 × ca. 4 cm, white setose. Berries incurved, green to yellow-green, 5-angled when young, cylindric at maturity, ca. 9 cm, white setose, base curved and attenuate into a stalk, apex contracted into a rostrum 6--10 mm. Seeds numerous in wild plants but absent in cultivated clones, brown, depressed, 5--6 mm in diam., irregularly angled. 2 n = 22, 33.
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Giant herb arising from a short horizontal branching rhizome.. Pseudostems formed from the overlapping leaf-bases, up to 5 m. high, usually less than 25 cm. in diameter.. Leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate, to 2-2.5 × 0.4-0.6 m., apex truncate, base rounded, petiole and midrib green, somewhat glaucous.. Inflorescence appearing from the top of the pseudostem, horizontal or deflexed; peduncle pubescent.. Bracts of the ♂ part of the inflorescence red, quickly deciduous, each subtending ± 20 flowers.. Outer 3-lobed tepal of ♂ flowers 3.5-4.5 cm. long and ± 1.2 cm. wide, yellow above; inner tepal ± 1.5-2 cm. long, the apiculum 1-2 mm. long; stamens 5, 4-5 cm. long.. Bracts of the ♀ part of the inflorescence red, deciduous, each subtending up to 16 flowers.. Outer 3-lobed tepal ± 2.5 cm. long, yellow at the apex; free tepal ± 1.5 cm. long, translucent; ovary glabrous, or partially or entirely pubescent.. Fruits 10-20 in each group, each 8-13 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. in diameter, first green but becoming yellow when fully ripe.. Seeds irregularly depressed-spherical, 6-7 × 3 mm., dull black.
The banana false stems usually have black marks on them. The canal of the leaf stalk is like an open drain. There are dry flaps where the leaf stalk joins the false stem. The leaves are paddle shaped. These are diploid bananas. They can be seeded or seedless. The flowers hang down. They are pear shaped and yellow, white or cream. The fruit are yellow. This is the small diploid variety. Many bananas are hybrids between acuminata and balbisiana. See Musa x paradisiaca.
Pseudostems heavily blotched with brown or black. Petioles: margins of adaxial groove erect, winged proximally. Inflorescences: pedicels short; bracts of staminate flowers lanceolate or narrowly ovate, apex acute, abaxial surface yellow, red, or dull purple, adaxial surface yellow proximally, often yellow or dull purple distally. Staminate flowers white or cream. Pistillate flowers: stigmas deep yellow or orange; each locule with 2 regular rows of ovules.
Pending.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Shaded and moist ravines, marshlands, semi-marshlands and slopes at elevations from near sea level to 1,200 metres.
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Potential weed in forests, disturbed rainforest, wetlands, along creek banks, in paddocks and gardens.
Shaded and moist ravines, marshlands, semi-marshlands and slopes from near sea level to 1200 metres.
A tropical plant. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The seedless fruit are regularly eaten raw or cooked. The seeded fruit are occasionally eaten. The shoots are cooked and eaten.
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Planted as an ornamental in parks and gardens.
Uses animal food fiber fodder food gene source material medicinal ornamental social use
Edible flowers fruits leaves shoots stems
Therapeutic use Hypersensitivity (bark), Dysmenorrhea (flower), Menorrhagia (flower), Anemia (fruit), Antioxidants (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Immunomodulation (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Antineoplastic agents (rhizome), Antioxidants (rhizome), Diabetes mellitus (root), Diet, food, and nutrition (stem), Hypersensitivity (stem)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 23 - 33
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -