Myrica cerifera L.

Species

Angiosperms > Fagales > Myricaceae > Myrica

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees , evergreen, often forming large, rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 14 m. Branchlets reddish brown, densely gland-dotted when young, otherwise glabrous to densely pilose, eventually glabrate; glands yellow. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed, linear-oblanceolate to obovate, (1.1-)2-10.5(-13.3) × 0.4-3.3 cm, leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or coarsely serrate beyond middle, apex acute to slightly rounded; surfaces abaxially pale yellow-green, glabrous except for pilose midrib, adaxially dark green, glabrous to pilose, both surfaces densely glandular; glands yellow to orange. Inflorescences: staminate 0.4-1.9 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.5 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, densely ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; stamens mostly 3-4. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, margins ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; ovary glandular, especially at apex near style base. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 2-3.5(-4) mm; fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular when young, obscured by enlarged protuberances and thick coat of blue-white wax.
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Plants sometimes low (5–10 dm) and colonial by rhizomes, sometimes taller and arborescent, to 10 m or more; lvs evergreen, typically oblanceolate, varying to oblong or lanceolate, mostly 3–9 × 0.6–1.5 cm and 4–5 times as long as wide, usually acute, entire or with a few sharp teeth above the middle, finely punctate on both sides, nearly or quite without eglandular hairs, as also the twigs; glands on the lower lf-surface ± persistent and evidently of 2 sorts, some shining, golden-yellow, others dull brownish and less resinous; staminate catkins produced in the axils of old lvs in April or May (earlier southward), ovoid, 6–12 mm, with obovate-rotund bracts; pistillate catkins linear, 5–10 mm, loose, with lance-ovate bracts, bracteoles 4–6, ± persistent but remaining small and inconspicuous; ovary glabrous; frs 2–3.5 mm, with a thick, waxy coating, glabrous; 2n=16. Moist or wet, sandy soil on the coastal plain; N.J. to Fla., Tex., Ark., and Mex.; W.I.(Cerothamnus c.; Morella c.; Myrica pusilla)
An evergreen tree. It grows to 12 m tall. The trunk is 15 cm across. The leaves are simple and yellow green. They are sword shaped and have teeth along the edge. The leaves are 6.5 cm long. The flowers are small and yellow-green. They are in catkins in the axils of the leaves. Male and female flowers occur on separate trees. The fruit are waxy berries. These are 3 mm across. They have one seed. They are bluish-white. The fruit are crowded in clusters.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.5
Mature height (meter) 8.5
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to tropical America. It grows in moist coastal woodlands and up to 1,000 m altitude. It can withstand seaside storms. It can tolerate salt. It needs bright shade or full sun. The soil needs to be fertile and moist. It can tolerate drought. It suits hardiness zones 6-10.
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Thickets on sandy soil near swamps and marshes, also on dry arid hills in which situation it is often only a few centimetres tall.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-10

Usage

The leaves and berries are used in soups and stews. They are a substitute for bay leaves. The leaves can be brewed into tea. The fruit can be eaten fresh, preserved or fermented into wine.
Uses dye environmental use fuel material medicinal ornamental smoking soap tea wood
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Stimulant (bark), Stimulant (fruit), Febrifuge (leaf), Anthelmintic (leaf), Stimulant (leaf), Analgesic (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (leaf), Throat Aid (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Analgesic (root), Antirheumatic (External) (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Love Medicine (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Canker (unspecified), Cordial (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Mouth (unspecified), Polyp(Nose) (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Uterus (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Deobstruent (unspecified), Scrofula (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Alterative (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed, suckers or cuttings. It can be grown as a hedge.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Myrica cerifera world distribution map, present in Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Panama, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, and United States of America

Conservation status

Myrica cerifera threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:166220-2
WFO ID wfo-0000447382
COL ID 458D2
BDTFX ID 16229
INPN ID 90267
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lacistema alterum Myrica microstachya Myrica pusilla Morella cerifera Lacistema berteroanum Cerophora angustifolia Cerophora inodora Cerophora lanceolata Cerothamnus ceriferus Myrica cerifera Myrica microcarpa Myrica altera Myrica domingana Myrica reticulata Myrica jamaicensis Morella pumila Pimecaria odorata Cerophora spicans Myrica verrucosa Myrica xalapensis Myrica mexicana Myrica apiculata Morella domingana Myrica mexicana var. subglabra Myrica mexicana var. fastuosa Myrica cerifera var. pumila Myrica cerifera var. arborescens Myrica microcarpa var. angustifolia Myrica cerifera var. dubia