Myrica pensylvanica Mirb. In Duhamel

Species

Angiosperms > Fagales > Myricaceae > Myrica

Characteristics

Shrubs or rarely small trees, deciduous, rhizomatous, colonial, to 2(-4.5) m. Branchlets reddish brown and gland-dotted when young, becoming whitish gray in age, otherwise densely pilose; glands yellow. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally obovate, 2.5-6.5(-7.8) × 1.5-2.7 cm, usually membranous, less often leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins sometimes entire, usually serrate distal to middle, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute, short-apiculate; surfaces abaxially pale green, pilose on veins, moderately to densely glandular, adaxially dark green, pilose (especially along midrib), glandless or sparsely glandular; glands yellow-brown. Inflorescences: staminate 0.4-1.8 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.4 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, apically ciliate or completely glabrous, usually abaxially glabrous, occasionally densely pilose; stamens mostly 3-4. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, margins slightly ciliate or glabrous, abaxially usually densely gland-dotted; ovary wall densely hirsute near apex, otherwise glabrous. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 3.5-5.5 mm; fruit wall and warty protuberances hirsute, at least when young, hairs usually obscured by thick coat of white wax.
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Bushy shrub 0.5–2 m; lvs deciduous, broadly oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, mostly 4–8 × 1.5–3 cm and 2.5–4 times as long as wide, obtuse or rounded and minutely apiculate, entire or with a few low teeth toward the tip, generally (as also the twigs) with some glandless white hairs, in addition to the resinous glands, at least when young, the glands sometimes of 2 sorts as in no. 4 [Myrica cerifera L.], sometimes not; terminal bud present; outer bud scales glabrous, eciliate, broadly rounded distally; staminate catkins produced below the leafy branches in May or June, cylindric, 6–15 mm, with broadly quadrate bracts; anthers formed in the spring; pistillate catkins slender, 5–10 mm, with ovate bracts; bracteoles 4–6, ± persistent but remaining small and inconspicuous; ovary densely hairy as well as papillate; frs solitary or few in a cluster, subglobose, 3.5–5 mm, covered with a thick layer of white wax that masks the underlying papillae, and also ± densely short-hairy; 2n=16. Dry hills and shores, especially near the coast, from Nf. to N.C., and less commonly inland to O. and s. Ont. (Morella p.; Myrica and Cerothamnus caroliniensis of authors, perhaps not of Mill.)
A shrub. It grows 1.8-3 m high. It is spreading and suckering. It loses many or all of its leaves depending on how cold the climate is. The leaves are 2.5-8 cm long and sword shaped. The leaves may or may not have teeth around the edge. The fruit are waxy berries. They are pale grey.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.85 - 3.0
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Dry or wet sterile soil near the coast. Coastal dunes, pine barrens, pine-oak forests, old fields, bogs, edges of streams, ponds, and swamps from sea level to 325 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It suits hardiness zones 3-6.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-7

Usage

The leaves are pickled and dried and used to flavour soups and stews. The leaves are removed before serving.
Uses dye environmental use fuel medicinal ornamental soap
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Myrica pensylvanica leaf picture by Peter van der Laan (cc-by-sa)
Myrica pensylvanica leaf picture by Pieter Verbrugghe (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Myrica pensylvanica world distribution map, present in Canada, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Netherlands, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and United States of America

Conservation status

Myrica pensylvanica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:166255-2
WFO ID wfo-0001085143
COL ID 458F9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 771739
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cerothamnus pensylvanicus Morella pensylvanica Morella x macfarlanei Myrica x macfarlanei Myrica cerifera var. frutescens Myrica pensylvanica