Myroxylon balsamum Harms

Balsam of tolu (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Myroxylon

Characteristics

Tree to 40 m tall, d.b.h. ca. 1 m; bark smooth, with abundant lenticels. Leaves usually imparipinnate, 5-10 foliolate; rachis and petiolules pubescent, terete; rachis 5-15 cm long; leaflets alternate, lanceolate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, obtuse at the base, 3-11 cm long, 1.8-4.0 cm wide. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, to 20 cm long, closely cinereous tomentose; pedicels 1.0-1.5 cm long. Flowers oblique on the pedicel; calyx campanulate, 1.5-4.5(-6.0) mm long, finely ribbed, the lobes ca. 1.5 mm long; the standard orbicular, ca. 9 mm in diameter, cordate basally, the claw ca. 1 mm long; wings elliptic to narrowly spatulate, ca. 1 cm long, ca. 4 mm wide, the claw 2 mm long; keel subelliptic, ca. 8.5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, the claw ca. 1.5 mm long; ovary short stipitate for ca. 2 mm, villosulose; style subulate. Fruit a samara, narrowly obovate, to 11 cm long, glabrous, stipitate, ca. 1 cm long; wing to 8,cm long, 1-2 cm wide, the seminif-erous area turgid at the apex of the fruit, obliquely oblong, 2-3 cm wide, ca. 1 cm thick.
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A tall tree. It can be evergreen or deciduous. It grows 35 m tall. It is stiffly erect. Large trees can have small buttresses. The leaves are mid green and have leaflets along the stalk. There are 3-13 leaflets. These are oval and 9 cm long. They are glossy. The flowers are small and white. They are in hairy racemes. They have a sweet scent. The fruit is a pod 7.5 cm long. It is tear drop shaped and winged. It has one seed.
Tree with 5–11(–15)-foliolate leaves.. Lateral leaflets alternate, oblong-ovate to-elliptic, acuminate, with pellucid dots and streaks.. Flowers in racemes, whitish, 1–1.2 cm. long; anthers nearly as long as the filaments, conspicuous.. Fruit flattened and wing-like, broadened, hardened and 1-seeded at the apex, indehiscent.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 34.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is native to Venezuela and Peru. It grows in dry and humid forests. It needs full sun. It grows between 300-700 m above sea level.
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An emergent tree in evergreen tropical humid forests in low to medium elevations from 100 to 600 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are used to flavour rum. The trunk provides a resin and essential oil used for flavouring chewing gum, baked goods, candies, ice cream and soft drinks.
Uses cosmetics environmental use essential oil experimental purposes flavouring food food additive gum material medicinal oil ornamental pharmaceutical industry religious seasoning shade social use timber wood
Edible barks gums saps seeds
Therapeutic use Anti-infective agents, local (plant exudate), Common cold (plant exudate), Expectorants (plant exudate), General tonic for rejuvenation (plant exudate), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bedsore (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Chilblain (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Deodorant (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Freckle (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Parasiticide (unspecified), Pediculicide (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Umbilicus (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Amenorrhea (unspecified), Anus (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Osteomyelitis (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Fumigant (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Perfume (unspecified), Sclerosis (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Burns (unspecified), Contusions (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Myroxylon balsamum habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Myroxylon balsamum leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Myroxylon balsamum world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Myroxylon balsamum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:166483-2
WFO ID wfo-0000212074
COL ID 45DC5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447574
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Myrospermum sonsonatense Myroxylon toluiferum Toluifera pereirae Myroxylon pereirae Myroxylon punctatum Myrospermum toluiferum Toluifera balsamum Myroxylon pereirae Myrospermum pereirae Toluifera punctata Myroxylon hanburyanum Myrospermum balsamiferum Myrospermum sonsonatense Myrospermum punctatum Myroxylon balsamum var. balsamum Toluifera balsamum var. pereirae Myroxylon balsamum var. punctatum Myroxylon balsamum Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae Toluifera balsamum var. punctata