Nemesia fourcadei K.E.Steiner

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Scrophulariaceae > Nemesia

Characteristics

Erect, annual herb, up to 420(-740) mm tall, simple or branching from base; lateral stems up to 260(-520) mm long, rectangular in cross section, corners ridged, sides up to 3.2 mm wide, mostly glabrous with a few, scattered, glandular hairs. Leaves decussate, mostly sessile to shortly petiolate; lamina ovate, 5-46 x 4-22 mm, glabrous or with a few sessile glandular trichomes on abaxial surface near base, veins impressed adaxially, 5-nerved abaxially, apex acute, base cuneate; margins sharply dentate; petioles flattened, up to 10 mm long, glabrous or with a few glandular trichomes. Inflorescence in short terminal racemes, these elongating up to 210 mm in fruit, glandular-pubescent; bracts alternate, sessile, lowermost leaf-like up to 17 x 10 mm, uppermost gradually reduced to ± 3.6 x 0.8 mm, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly deltoid; base truncate, apex acute to acuminate; margins entire or rarely dentate; with occasional glandular trichomes; pedicels 7.5-8.0 mm long, ascending, dorsally canaliculate, elongating and becoming patent in fruit, densely glandular-pubescent. Calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, acute, spreading, sparsely glandular-pilose, upper lobe 3.1-3.6 x 0.7-0.9 mm, upper lateral lobes 3.0-3.5 x 0.8-0.9 mm, lower two lobes ± 3.0 x 1.0-1.4 mm. Corolla bilabiate, 7.6-13.2 x 6.9-10.4 mm, upper lip four-lobed, up to 11.3 x 10.4 mm, white with purple veining at base, just above corolla opening. reverse white or tinged with pink veining, two inner lobes erect, oblong to obovate, 2.7-3.5 x 1.6-2.1 mm, obtuse, bases strongly oblique, two outer lobes spreading-recurved, oblong, 3.1-4.0 x 2.1-2.5 mm, truncate or obtuse to emarginate, bases strongly oblique; lower lip oblong-ovate, 5.4-8.7 x 4.8-8.1 mm, emarginate, white with pale yellowish centre, reverse white with purple veining: base with centrally raised, bi-lobed palate; palate 1.2-1.4 x 1.6-2.0 mm, convex, divided by medial groove into two, raised, yellowy-orange bosses; bosses densely pubescent with short white or yellowy clavate trichomes on top, changing to shorter epidermal papillae on sides and front; corolla tube white with magenta to purple veining; hypochile (floor of corolla tube) 3.6-4.0 x 1.0-1.2 mm, densely covered with long, thinly stalked, clavate trichomes ± 0.1 mm long, varying from whitish to yellowish orange, with a central, raised, laterally compressed boss in basal half near spur entrance, visible on outside of corolla as a narrow medial invagination; boss 1.6-1.9 x 0.8-1.0 mm, base of boss and area surrounding spur entrance densely covered with yellow-orange trichomes; spur ± straight or curving downward slightly, (2.0-)3.0-4.5 mm long, pale greyish green to greyish yellow, containing pale yellow, clavate trichomes for nearly entire length, becoming less dense toward spur tip. Stamens 4, whitish, lying in shallow depression, ± 2.0 x 1.5 mm, in upper, inside surface of corolla tube; filaments of anticous pair (twisted into posticous position), 2.5-3.0 mm long, sigmoid, ± straight in middle, glabrous or with few scattered glandular trichomes, posticous pair 1.3-1.5 mm long, curving, glabrous or with few scattered trichomes; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long, each pair strongly coherent; pollen white. Ovary oblong-ovate, laterally compressed; 1.5-1.8 x 1.1-1.6 mm; style 0.5-0.7 mm long, compressed somewhat contrary to ovary, apex wider than base, lying between anther pairs with stigma facing away from corolla opening; stigma ± 0.1 x 0.3 mm. Capsules oblong-ovoid, laterally compressed contrary to septum, 12-18 x 6.3-8.9 mm, emarginate to bi-lobed, lobes widely diverging. Seeds winged, broadly ovate, 2.0-2.5 x 1.8-2.5 mm; wing 0.6-1.1 mm wide, straw-coloured, membranous with numerous parallel, brownish veins encircling seed, except at ends, internal portion of seed elliptical, 1.5-1.9 x 0.3-0.5 mm, with dark brown, verrucate exotesta.
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Annual herb, up to 420(-740) mm high; stems erect, simple or branching. Leaves ovate, acute, dentate. Flowers in short racemes, hairs mainly in inflorescence, up to 210 mm in fruit. Corolla: upper lip white with purple veins at base; lobes oblong; lower lip white with light yellowish middle, palate bosses yellow-orange, papillate in front, bearded behind, in hypochile, tube and spur. Spur cylindrical, straight or somewhat down-curved, 4.5 mm long. Fruit an oblong-ovoid capsule, slightly urceolate, up to ± 18 x 9 mm, either emarginate or with 2 lobes. Flowering time Aug., Oct.
Annual to 74 cm. Leaves opposite, ovate, sharply dentate, up to 4.5 cm long, short petiolate, 5-nerved, flowers in short racemes, elongating in fruit, white with yellowish orange, pubescent palate, spurs mostly 3.0-4.5 mm long.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.42
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 7 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Nemesia fourcadei world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77122934-1
WFO ID wfo-0001334233
COL ID 467R6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Nemesia fourcadei