Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook.F.

Fanged pitcher-plant (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Nepenthaceae > Nepenthes

Characteristics

Terrestrial climber up to 15 m tall. Stem terete, c. 1.8 cm diam., sometimes hollow with small circular entrance holes cut by ants, internodes 0.5-8 cm long. Leaves thickly chartaceous, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 20-65 by 6-14 cm, apex acute to truncate and emarginate, occasionally peltate, base attenuate; petiole narrowly winged, 4-12 cm long, clasping the stem for 3/4 of its circumference, petiole wings sometimes decurrent to next node, usually large rimmed nectaries present on lower surface of pet-iole immediately adjacent to stem. Longitudinal nerves 10 or more on each side of the midrib. Pennate nerves patent, numerous, distinct almost to leaf margin. Tendril of lower pitcher swollen, to 12 mm thick, and with a thin-walled spot which is usually hollowed and inhabited by an ant colony, entrance hole facing towards pitcher surface; tendril of upper pitcher only once coiled, coil in contact with the dorsal surface of pitcher, and it is at this point that the entrance hole to the hollow tendril lies. Lower pitchers globose, to 13 by 6.5 cm; with 2 fringed wings to 2.3 cm broad, fringed elements to 1.2 cm long, 0.5-4 mm apart; nectaries scattered on pitcher surface, especially dorsally, on ventral wings and on tendril; mouth suborbicular, straight and almost horizontal at front, rising abruptly at rear and forming a stout vertical or overarching column; peristome with outer edge cylindrical, c. 0.4 cm wide, inner edge flat, 1-2 cm wide, ribs 0.2-0.5 mm apart, inner margin with teeth c. 0.6 mm long, with a pit between each tooth; the apical most 10-12 ribs of the column drawn out into a pair of long downward curving acute thorns 1-2.5 cm long; lid reniform, much wider than long, 3.5-6 by 4.7-6 cm, glands thinly bordered, circular, c. 0.3 mm diam., densest towards the two sides, ± absent towards centre and near junction with pitcher; spur simple, flattened, recurved, glandular, 10-20 mm long. Upper pitchers ovoid-cylindrical, slightly narrowed towards mouth, to 13 by 6 cm, with 2 prominent ribs, these sometimes minutely winged near peristome; peristome and spur as in lower pitchers, lid often larger still, to 4 by 10 cm. Male inflorescence to 1 m long; peduncle 0.6 cm diam. at base; partial peduncles to 10 cm long, fasciculate,(1-)4-15-flowered, sometimes with nectaries near the base; pedicels to 2.5 cm long; occasionally with a bract on the lower half of the basal partial peduncles; tepals suborbicular, 5 by 4 mm; androphore 1.5-2 mm long; anther head 1 by 1.5 mm. Fruit with valves to 3 by 0.5 cm, lanceolate. Seed not seen. Indumentum sparse on leaves and stem, dense on pitchers and inflorescence; on the latter of two kinds, a dense short pubescence, and scattered longer hairs of 1-2 mm. Colour of pitchers green with orange to red flush from the indumentum, peristome green, rarely red; lid yellowish above, often deeper red or purple below, especially towards margin; tepals deep purple, almost black.
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Growth form shrub
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Sexuality dioecy
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Mature height (meter) 15.0
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Environment

Locally common in peat-swamp forest dominated by Shorea albida, also occasionally in heath forest on white sand soils; sea level to 950 m
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Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

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Cultivation

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Images

Nepenthes bicalcarata unspecified picture

Distribution

Nepenthes bicalcarata world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, and Malaysia

Conservation status

Nepenthes bicalcarata threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:603661-1
WFO ID wfo-0000382386
COL ID 46X7K
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nepenthes dyak Nepenthes bicalcarata