Nepeta cataria L.

Or catmint (en), Menthe des chats (fr), Herbe aux chats (fr), Herbe-aux-chats (fr), Cataire (fr), Cataire commune (fr), Népéta cataire (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Lamiaceae > Nepeta

Characteristics

Plants perennial. Stems 40-150 cm, white pubescent. Petiole 0.7-3 cm, slender; leaf blade ovate to triangular-cordate, 2.5-7 × 2.1-4.7 cm, adaxially yellow-green, hirtellous, abaxially whitish pubescent especially on veins, base cordate to truncate, margin coarsely crenate to dentate, apex obtuse to acute. Cymes axillary basally, upper ones in loose or compact, interrupted terminal panicles; bracts and bracteoles subulate, minute. Calyx tubular, ca. 6 × 1.2 mm, white pubescent; teeth hirsute inside, subulate, 1.5-2 mm, posterior teeth longer, urceolate in fruit. Corolla white with purple spots on lower lip, white villous; throat pubescent inside, ca. 7.5 mm; tube slender, ca. 0.3 mm in diam., abruptly dilated into broad throat; upper lip ca. 2 × 3 mm, apex emarginate; middle lobe of lower lip subcircular, ca. 3 × 4 mm, cordate, margin coarsely dentate. Stamens included. Nutlets nearly triquetrous, ovoid, ca. 1.7 × 1 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct.
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Densely hairy perennial, with stems erect or nearly so, to c. 1 m tall. Petioles to 3 cm long. Lamina 4-6 × 3-4 cm, ovate or triangular-ovate, often grey-tomentose, deeply serrate or crenate-serrate; base cordate or subcordate; apex mucronate; upper cauline lvs smaller. Infl. terminal, dense, spike-like, with lower verticels distant. Calyx 6-7 mm long, tomentose outside on nerves; teeth linear-subulate, often purplish tipped. Corolla usually 7-10 mm long to apex of upper lip, white with purplish dots on lower lip; tube somewhat curved, not exceeding calyx, tomentose outside; limb tomentose outside; upper lip with 2 rounded lobes. Anthers usually purplish, sometimes green. Style white or pale mauve. Nutlets c. 1.5 mm long, broad-oblong, dark brown, faintly ridged.
Taprooted perennial; 3–10 dm, branched above, finely and densely canescent throughout; lvs all cauline, triangular-ovate, cordate or truncate at base, 3–8 cm, coarsely toothed, the petiole half as long as the blade; fl-clusters 2–6 cm, continuous or interrupted, rather loosely many-fld; cal at anthesis 5–7 mm, weakly bilabiate, the lobes half as long as the tube; cor 8–12 mm, dull white, dotted with pink or purple, the lower lip crenulate; 2n=32, 34, 36. Native of Eurasia, now established in disturbed habitats throughout our range and w. July–Oct.
A herb which keeps growing from year to year. The leaves are hairy and grey-green. It grows 90 cm high. The leaves are oval and 5-7 cm long. The leaves have teeth or are scalloped along the edge. The flowers are white and occur in spikes. They have pale purple spots.
Corolla white, red-dotted.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system rhizome tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows on waste ground and along roadsides. It can grow in part shade. It needs a soil pH of 5 to 7.5. It suits hardiness zones 3-10. Tasmania Herbarium. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Roadsides and near streams. Hedgerows, borders of fields, dry banks and waste ground, especially on calcareous and gravelly soils.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The dried leaves are used to make tea. They have a lemon and mint taste. The leaves and shoots are used in flavouring and in soups and stews. They are also used in sauces. The young leaves are used in salads.
Uses beverage environmental use essential oil food forage medicinal tea
Edible flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Flatulence (aerial part), Menstruation-inducing agents (aerial part), Parasympatholytics (aerial part), General tonic for rejuvenation (aerial part), Diaphoretic (aerial part), Cooling effect on body (aerial part), Oral Aid (flower), Anticonvulsants (flower), Anti-infective agents, local (flower), Antipyretics (flower), Colic (flower), Diarrhea (flower), Flatulence (flower), Headache (flower), Hypnotics and sedatives (flower), Influenza, human (flower), Menstruation-inducing agents (flower), Parasympatholytics (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Sleep aids, pharmaceutical (flower), Diaphoretic (flower), Cooling effect on body (flower), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Febrifuge (leaf), Gastrointestinal Aid (leaf), Stimulant (leaf), Tonic (leaf), Pediatric Aid (leaf), Sedative (leaf), Blood Medicine (leaf), Other (leaf), Analgesic (leaf), Antirheumatic (Internal) (leaf), Analgesics (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anticonvulsants (leaf), Anti-infective agents, local (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Colic (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Flatulence (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Influenza, human (leaf), Menstruation-inducing agents (leaf), Parasympatholytics (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Sleep aids, pharmaceutical (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Diaphoretic (leaf), Cooling effect on body (leaf), Oral Aid (root), Diaphoretic (root), Sedative (root), Pediatric Aid (seed), Abortifacient (unspecified), Anthelmintic (unspecified), Anticonvulsive (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Antiemetic (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Other (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Respiratory (unspecified), Sclerosis (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Hivess (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Neurasthenia (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Fear (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Antitussive agents (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (whole plant), Antifungal agents (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seeds, cuttings or division of the clump. The plant is more pungent if grown in full sun and sandy soil.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 7 - 19
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Nepeta cataria habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Nepeta cataria habit picture by Joshua Kuykendall (cc-by-sa)
Nepeta cataria habit picture by Béatrice Parent (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Nepeta cataria leaf picture by Scuratti Nicolò (cc-by-sa)
Nepeta cataria leaf picture by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Nepeta cataria leaf picture by Scuratti Nicolò (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Nepeta cataria flower picture by Kai Best (cc-by-sa)
Nepeta cataria flower picture by ullrich robert (cc-by-sa)
Nepeta cataria flower picture by Kat Dunn (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Nepeta cataria world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:452333-1
WFO ID wfo-0000250846
COL ID 46XJB
BDTFX ID 43953
INPN ID 109516
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nepeta cataria Nepeta x ceretana Nepeta laurentii Nepeta minor Nepeta mollis Nepeta tomentosa Nepeta bodinieri Nepeta citriodora Nepeta macrura Nepeta vulgaris Calamintha albiflora Glechoma macrura Glechoma cataria Nepeta americana Cataria tomentosa Cataria vulgaris Nepeta ruderalis Nepeta cataria var. citriodora