Neptunia plena (L.) Benth.

Water dead-and-awake (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Neptunia

Characteristics

Subprostrate or ascending subshrub of swampy habitats, the branchlets gla-brous, not lenticellate. Leaves moderately small, bipinnate, the pinnae 2-4 (mostly 3) pairs opposite on the rachis, the leaflets 10-25 pairs per pinna; petiole 1-2 cm. long, glabrous, somewhat flattened above, bearing a sessile, orbicular gland apically just below insertion of lowermost pair of pinnae; rachis 1-4 cm. long, similar to the petiole, eglandular (except for gland already noted at apex of petiole), termi-nally apiculate; pinnae 1-5 cm. long, the pairs moderately remote from one an-other; leaflets linear or linear-spatulate, 3-10 mm. long and 1-2 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse and usually very briefly mucronate apically, obliquely subtruncate basally, glabrous, all venation obscure; stipules obliquely ovate-lanceolate and subclasping, usually about 5 mm. long. Inflorescence of axillary, pedunculate heads or very short spikes; peduncles up to 10 cm. long in age, glabrous, conspicuously bibract-eate below the middle; heads dense, the floral bractlets obovate-lanceolate, little more than 1 mm. long. Flowers sessile, yellow, the upper ones perfect, the lower ones staminate or infertile and with 10 conspicuous petaloid staminodia 7-8 mm. long; calyx copulate, about 1 mm. long, 5-lobed, glabrous; corolla of 5, free, spatulate petals about 3 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 10?, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers almost 1 mm. long; ovary glabrous, dark; style stout, exceeding the stamens; stigma expanded, truncate. Legume oblong, 2-4 cm. long and about 1 cm. wide, apiculate, flat, glabrous, conspicuously stipitate, 2-valved, the seeds several, transverse.
More
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial or subaquatic. Stems erect or ascending, branched. Stipules persistent, lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, base obliquely cordate; pinnae 4-10 pairs, with a suppressed gland between or just below lowest pair of pinnae; leaflets 9-40 pairs per pinna, linear-oblong, 4-18 × 1.5-3 mm, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded, apex obtuse, acute, or mucronate. Heads ovoid, ca. 2 cm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm, 5-dentate. Pet­als lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, fused at base. Stamens 10; filaments ca. 6 mm, with stipitate gland at apex. Staminodes petal-like, 8-10 mm. Legume oblong, 5-10 × 1.6-2 cm. Seeds 5-20. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Nov.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It can partly grow in water. The stems are erect and branching. The leaves have 4-10 pairs of pinnae with 9-40 leaflets on each. These are 4-18 mm long by 2-3 mm wide. The pods are oblong and 5-10 cm long by 2 cm wide. There are 5-20 seeds.
Herb with usually erect or ascending, branched stems. Leaves with a suppressed gland between or just below the lowest pair of pinnae; leaflets frequently more than 20 pairs per pinna. Seeds 8-20.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows well in warm, nutrient-rich mud. In southern China it grows from sea level to 100 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use material medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed. The tough seed coating needs to be broken.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Neptunia plena habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Neptunia plena habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Neptunia plena leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Neptunia plena leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Neptunia plena leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Neptunia plena flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Neptunia plena flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Neptunia plena flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Neptunia plena fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Neptunia plena fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Neptunia plena fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Neptunia plena world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Martinique, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Singapore, El Salvador, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Neptunia plena threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1056199-2
WFO ID wfo-0000174148
COL ID 4746B
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630221
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Neptunia plena Acacia punctata Mimosa punctata Neptunia polyphylla Desmanthus plenus Acacia lycopodioides Mimosa plena Mimosa lycopodioides Desmanthus polyphyllus Desmanthus punctatus Neptunia surinamensis Desmanthus adenanthera Hemidesmas diffusus Hemidesmas plenus Mimosa adenanthera Acuan arboreum Mimosa lycopodioides Mimosa adenanthera Desmanthus comosus Neptunia plena f. lumbricoides