Nymphaea lotus L.

White egyptian lotus (en), Lotus tigré (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Nymphaeales > Nymphaeaceae > Nymphaea

Characteristics

Robust aquatic herb with tuberous rhizome; tubers ovoid, roughened with leaf-scars (fide Muschler).. Leaves green above, often blotched reddish, purplish green or bronze beneath, ± round, 10–32(–50) cm. long, 11–28(–50) cm. wide, incised-cordate at the base, slightly peltate, the lobes touching or slightly overlapping, repand and dentate-mucronate at the margin, the sharp and often brown-tipped teeth formed by the convergence of (2–)3 nerves, very rarely some juvenile leaves entire, ± coriaceous, smooth above, prominently nerved to the edge, beneath with 7–9 primary lateral nerves on each side forking dichotomously 3–4 times and an equal number of secondary lateral nerves, glabrous, puberulous or distinctly to densely pubescent beneath.. Flowers (6–)10–18(–25 fide Muschler) cm. wide, open on 4 successive nights from 7.30 p.m. to 11 a.m. (fide Muschler) 8 a.m. (fide Jex-Blake) or during the day (in S. Africa fide Obermeyer), held ± 15 cm. above the water-level; peduncle stout, glabrous or puberulous.. Sepals 4, green, often with cream veins, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 4.5–9(–11) cm. long, 2–3.5 cm. wide, obtuse.. Petals ± 16–20, white or slightly yellowish, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, the outermost as long as the sepals, often with median green line outside, rounded or ± acute at the apex.. Stamens yellow, 40–80(–90); anthers obtuse, usually practically without a connective-appendage or sometimes up to ± 3 mm. long.. Carpels 20–30, yellowish, sometimes crimson outside; stylar processes yellow, tinged purple-brown, 7–10 mm. long.. Fruit depressed-globose, 4–9 cm. diameter.. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.2–1.45 mm. long, 1.1 mm. wide, with longitudinal lines of hairs.. Fig. 1/8,9, p. 8.
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Rhizomes branched or unbranched, erect, ovoid; stolons slender. Leaves: petiole sparsely to densely puberulent. Leaf blade abaxially purplish, adaxially green, nearly orbiculate, to ca. 3 × 3 dm, margins spinose-dentate; venation radiate and prominent centrally, without weblike pattern, principal veins ca. 15; surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely puberulent. Flowers emersed, 12-25 cm diam., opening nocturnally, many flowers not closing until late morning, only sepals and outermost petals in distinct whorls of 4; sepals abaxially uniformly green, prominently veined, lines of insertion on receptacle not prominent; petals 16-20, white; stamens ca. 75, yellow, outer with connective appendage projecting less than 2 mm beyond anther; filaments widest below middle, slightly shorter to longer than anthers; pistil ca. 20(-30)-locular, appendages at margin of stigmatic disk linear, 6-12 mm. Seeds ellipsoid, 1.4-1.8 × 0.9-1.2 mm, ca. 1.5-1.6 times as long as broad, with longitudinal ridges bearing papillae 20-150 µm.
Leaves 10–32 x 11–28 cm., coriaceous, orbicular or suborbicular, incised-cordate, somewhat peltate, lobes nearly closed or slightly overlapping, margin ± repand, dentate-mucronate, teeth formed by the convergence at the margin of (2) 3 nerves, upper surface smooth, under surface prominently nerved to the edge, primary lateral nerves 7–9 on each side of the midrib, forking dichotomously 3–4 times and not themselves forming a closed reticulation, secondary nerves 7–9 pairs arising from the midrib.
A waterlily. It is a herb which grows in water. It grows 10-40 cm high and spreads 0.9-3.5 m wide. The stem or rhizome is stuck in the mud. The leaf stalks and flower stalks arise directly from this root. The leaves swim on the surface of the water. The leaves are toothed around the edge. The flowers are reddish and white. They are large and with 12-14 pointed petals. There are 4 fleshy outer segments of deep green.
Aquatic herb. Leaves repand, dentate-mucronate by protrusion at margin of convergent prominent nerves. Flowers white.
Petals c. 20, the outermost as long as the sepals, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or acute at the apex.
Flowers white or cream, 10–18 cm. in diam., peduncle stout, glabrous (in specimens from our area).
Sepals 4, 4.5–9 x 2–3.5 cm., ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse.
Stamens 40–60; anthers obtuse, without prolongation of the connective.
Petals white; flowers open from early evening until late morning.
Seeds 1.2 mm. long, ellipsoid, with longitudinal lines of hairs.
Carpels 20–30; style-appendage 7–10 mm. long.
Fruit 4–6 cm. in diam., depressed-globose.
Robust aquatic herb with tuberous rhizome.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support aquatic
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.9 - 3.5
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.4
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It also grows in warm and temperate places. It grows in pools in hot arid places. It grows in still water 0.5-2.5 m deep. It grows between sea level and 1,500 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
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Ponds in hillsides of southern China. A water plant of sheltered still water 0.5-2.5 metres deep, also in swamps and fringes of Lake Victoria, at elevations from sea level to 1,200 metres in Tanzania.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 11-12

Usage

The young flower receptacle is eaten raw, or cooked, as a vegetable. It is also pickled and used in curries. The young seeds are edible. They are pickled, put in curries, roasts or ground into flour for cakes. The root tuber is roasted or dried and ground into flour. The flour can be stored for several months. The tubers are also boiled and eaten. They are cooked with tamarind pulp.
Uses animal food cooking eating environmental use food gene source material medicinal social use
Edible flowers fruits leaves rhizomes roots seeds stems tubers
Therapeutic use Antidote(Chameleon) (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Phthisis (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Gravel (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown using seed, suckers or rhizomes.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Nymphaea lotus leaf picture by Tamuzadde Ssennoga (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Nymphaea lotus flower picture by Charlotte Thomas (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Nymphaea lotus world distribution map, present in Angola, Anguilla, Benin, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Guyana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Romania, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Suriname, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Nymphaea lotus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:605604-1
WFO ID wfo-0000382059
COL ID 486C9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447421
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nymphaea aegyptiaca Nymphaea lotus Nymphaea leucantha Nymphaea esculenta Nymphaea reichardiana Nymphaea hypotricha Nymphaea fragrantissima Nymphaea edulis Castalia mystica Castalia edulis Castalia lotus Castalia pubescens Castalia sacra Nymphaea dentata Nymphaea liberiensis Nymphaea ortgiesiana Nymphaea acutidens Nymphaea coteka Nymphaea x boucheana Nymphaea lotus var. rogeonii Leuconymphaea lotus

Lower taxons

Nymphaea lotus var. thermalis