Dioecious tree up to 40 m, 30-100 cm diam., clear bole 13-23 m, buttresses mostly absent. Twigs tomentose, glabrescent. Leaves rather densely set, oblong-lanceolate to obovate, rarely sub-ovate, base acute, apex abruptly acuminate, coriaceous, entire, sparsely hairy to tomentose on midrib and nerves beneath, further glabrous, 5-23 by 2½-8 cm; in seedlings the 1st pair of leaves is opposite; nerves 8-11 pairs; petiole 1-3½ cm long, flat or slightly sulcate, hairy or glabrous. Flowers pallid, in pedunculate nearly globose axillary heads 12-18 mm diameter; peduncles flattened towards the apex ¾-5 cm long, their apex 2-5 mm broad, glabrous or hairy, ca halfway with 1-2 sessile small acute bracts 3-4 by 1 mm. Receptacle globose to ellipsoid, flattened, 2-3 and 4-5 mm. Flowers enveloped by 1 bract and 2 halfway connate bracteoles, all broad-ovate, sericeous--ciliate, 2-2½ by 1½-3 mm, in ♀ persistent. ♂: Flowers 20-40 capitate, ½-4 mm pedicellate; calyx teeth 4-5 rounded, ½-¾ by 1-1½ mm, outside appressed-hairy, ciliate; petals 4-5 free, ovate with broad base, curled back, 3-5 by 1½-3 mm, both sides very short spreading hairy; stamens 8-10, those of outer whorl 3-5 of inner 2-4 mm long; anthers elliptic 1½ by 1 mm, outer loculi often larger than inner ones; disk ½-1 by 1-2 mm, 8-10 lobed. ♀: Flowers usually 3-8 rarely up to 18, sessile; calyx campanulate 2-3 by 1½ mm, densely appressed-sericeous; lobes 4-5 irregular, rounded, ½-1 by 2½ mm or almost absent; petals 4-5 as in ♂ but smaller 3-4 by 2½-3 mm; stamens 8-10, probably of inner whorl at least sterile, smaller than in ♂ 5; style 1½-2 by ½-1 mm, with 2 divergent (in bud one branch longer and incurved over the other), or curled branches 1-2 mm long. Fruit ellipsoidal, little flattened, 1½-2¼ by 4-1½ cm, ¾-1½ cm thick, crowned by the disk & calyx limb 1 by 2 mm, immature yellow, ripe purple. Exocarp coriaceous glabrescent, mesocarp spongious-fleshy. Stone flattened obovate, acute 1-2 by ½-1¼ cm, 2-6 mm thick, on one side with 5 length-grooves, the other side with few tubercles above the middle and a length-keel.
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A tall tree. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows 20-50 m tall. The small branches are purple-brown. The leaves are oblong and 10-15 cm long by 4-5 cm wide. They taper to the tip and are blunt at the base. The are covered with dense hairs. The leaf stalks are 2-4 cm long. The flowers are greenish-white. The fruit are fleshy and oval. They are 2-3 cm long by 2 cm wide. They are purple-red turning black.
Common or scarce, never gregarious, in mixed evergreen mountain forests both in ever-wet and periodically dry regions (E. Java), not in secondary forest, mostly fl. Jan.-May, fr. July-Dec. The thick end-bud produces young pale brown-red foliage and flowers in the rainy season. Fruits often deformed into worm-shaped galls. 600-1600 m alt. (in Siam and Sumatra once at 100 m, in the Himalaya ascending to 2400 m acc. to HOOK.ƒ.)
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Evergreen primary forests, often along streams, at elevations up to 2,500 metres in Laos. On gentle slopes and ridge tops in primary submontane forests at about 1,400-1,500 metres in Borneo.
A tropical plant. It grows at 1500 m altitude in Yunnan in China. It grows in monsoon rainforest. It grows in damp areas of forests between 800-2,100 m altitude in southern China.
Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
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