Nyssa sylvatica Marshall

Sour gum (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Cornales > Nyssaceae > Nyssa

Characteristics

Trees, 5–30 m, <proximal limbs spreading to slightly drooping>, crown irregular; bark ± regularly longitudinally and transversely fissured; twigs puberulent. Leaves: petiole 5–15(–30) mm; blade obovate to elliptic, 5.5–12(–16) × (2.2–)3.5–6.5(–9.1) cm, herbaceous, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire proximally and 0–1(–3)-toothed distally, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous or puberulent, adaxial surface glabrous. Inflorescences: peduncle 3.6–4.3 cm, sparsely hairy or glabrous; staminate (1–)2–5(–7)-flowered, pistillate and bisexual (2–)3–5(–8)-flowered. Staminate pedicels present. Flowers: ovary glabrous. Drupes black to blue, glaucous, ovoid to ellipsoid, 8–12 mm, rough or smooth; stone 7–9 mm, with several low, rounded longitudinal ridges.
More
A tree. It grows 15-22 m tall. It has a distinct trunk into the crown. The crown is flat topped. It loses its leaves in the winter. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are 5-12 cm long. They are at the ends of branches. The leaves are dark green and glossy. They turn scarlet in autumn. The flowers are small and greenish-white. They are on long hairy stalks. These are in small clusters in the axils of leaves. The fruit are plum like and 1-3 cm long. They are blue-black. The flesh is thin, oily and sour.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 7.0
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 22.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) 0.8
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to E. North America. It grows as an understorey tree on low, wet ground. It is often along streams and in swamps. It occurs between 1,100 and 1,650 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 3-10. Arboretum Tasmania. Hobart Botanical Gardens.
More
Low acid woods, swamps and shores in imperfectly drained soils. Also found on high wooded slopes in the south of its range.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-8

Usage

The fruit is acid. It is used for preserves.
Uses environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Anthelmintic (bark), Emetic (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Gynecological Aid (bark), Other (bark), Pediatric Aid (bark), Tuberculosis Remedy (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Eye Medicine (root), Anthelmintic (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Anthelmintic (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Urinary Aid (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 90 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 7
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Nyssa sylvatica habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Nyssa sylvatica habit picture by gary mitchell (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Nyssa sylvatica leaf picture by Paul (cc-by-sa)
Nyssa sylvatica leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Nyssa sylvatica leaf picture by vidclip (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Nyssa sylvatica fruit picture by Paul (cc-by-sa)
Nyssa sylvatica fruit picture by Derrick Derrick George (cc-by-sa)
Nyssa sylvatica fruit picture by T.J. petito (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Nyssa sylvatica world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Canada, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Conservation status

Nyssa sylvatica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:271953-1
WFO ID wfo-0000252606
COL ID 487MQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nyssa villosa Nyssa canadensis Nyssa caroliniana Nyssa ciliata Nyssa integrifolia Nyssa multiflora Nyssa multiflora Nyssa sylvatica var. sylvatica Nyssa sylvatica var. dilatata Nyssa sylvatica var. caroliniana Nyssa sylvatica var. aquatica Nyssa multiflora var. sylvatica Nyssa sylvatica var. typica Nyssa sylvatica