Ochroma pyramidale (cav. ex Lam.) Urb.

West indian balsa (en), Balsa (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Ochroma

Characteristics

Tree 10-30 m. tall, the trunk up to 0.90-1.80 m. in diam., sometimes buttressed, the crown large and spreading, the bark smooth and grayish, the branchlets tufted-puberulous. Leaves with a thick petiole 3-40 cm. long, tomentellous to glabrescent, the stipules ca. 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide; blade broadly ovate, ovate-angulate to ovate and 3-to 5-sublobate, the base generally deeply cordate, sometimes more ro less truncate, the apex or the central lobe obtuse, acute or acuminate, 10-40 cm. long and 11-35 cm. wide, chartaceous, the margins generally undulate, the upper surface tomentellous especially when young to glabrous, the lower surface shortly tomentellous, 7(-9)-palminerved, the nervation prominent beneath. Flowers with a pedicel 4-11 cm. long and ca. 0.6-1 cm. in diam., tomentellous; calyx 8-11.5 cm. long, tomentellous outside, sericeous-villous inside, the lobes 2.5-4 cm. long, 2 lobes triangular and acute, the other 3 flabelliform; petals obovate-spatulate, 11-15 cm. long and ca. 5 cm. wide, whitish, puberulous on the upper part outside, glabrous or nearly so inside; staminal column cylindric, enlarged at the base, 10-12.5 cm. long, glabrous, the antheriferous part ca. 5-5.5 cm. long; ovary conical, 5-angulate, ca. 13 mm. long and 7 mm. in diam. at the base, tomentellous at the apex; style ca. 9-10 cm. long, puberulous near the base; stigma ca. 3.5 cm. long. Capsule oblong-fusiform, 5-angulate, 16-25 cm. long and ca. 2.5 cm. in diam., the valves black and glabrous; seeds ca. 5 mm. long; kapok pale brown.
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A tree. It grows 25 m high. The bark is smooth and grey. The trunk can have buttresses. The branches are thick. The leaf blades are 30 cm long and broad. They have 3-5 lobes. They are softly hairy and grey-green. The flowers are bell shaped and erect. They are 12 cm long. The fruit is a capsule 25 cm long. It opens with 5 valves. There is silvery-brown fluff with many small seeds. The seeds are 5 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0 - 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist, lowland, limestone forest. Common along the margins of lakes or in disturbed areas, rare in the older forest where it is a large tree. It is found mainly on fertile, bottom-land soils along the sides of streams.
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It is a tropical plant. In Costa Rica it grows from sea level to 1,200 m altitude. It grows in open areas.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses environmental use fiber invertebrate food material medicinal social use timber wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Headache (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Joint (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Tenesmus (unspecified), Vertigo (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 35
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ochroma pyramidale leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Ochroma pyramidale leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Ochroma pyramidale leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Ochroma pyramidale fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Ochroma pyramidale fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Ochroma pyramidale fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Ochroma pyramidale world distribution map, present in Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Ochroma pyramidale threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:171458-2
WFO ID wfo-0000390582
COL ID 6SF4P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447009
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ochroma bicolor Ochroma tomentosa Ochroma obtusa Ochroma limonensis Ochroma lagopus Ochroma grandiflora Ochroma concolor Bombax angulatum Bombax pyramidatum Bombax pyramidale Bombax angulata Ochroma boliviana Ochroma limonense Ochroma peruviana Ochroma tomentosum Ochroma velutina Ochroma obtusum Ochroma pyramidale var. concolor Ochroma pyramidale var. bicolor Ochroma lagopus var. bicolor Ochroma lagopus var. occigranatensis Ochroma tomentosum var. ibarrense Ochroma pyramidale