Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl.

Monk orchid (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Oeceoclades

Characteristics

A terrestrial or epiphytic herb (16–)28–30(–40) cm. high, entirely glabrous.. Roots stout, verruculose.. Pseudobulbs congested, ovoid, ovoid-oblong or stout and cylindrical, (2–)2.5–4 cm. long, 1-leaved, concealed and exceeded by several pale brown, ovate-elliptic, acute, imbricate, evanescent cataphylls.. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, acute, duplicate, particularly towards base; lamina (10–)15–28(–40) cm. long, 2.5–4.5(–6) cm. broad, with the median nerve prominent on lower surface, greyish green, with darker green transverse, irregular banding or mottling; petiole 1–8 cm., regularly articulate.. Inflorescence simple or with 1 or 2 short branches, 5–12(–20) cm. long, 3–4 cm. broad, erect, lax, 6–12(–20)-flowered, sometimes branched at base; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, lowermost to 17 mm. long, uppermost to 4 mm. long.. Flowers porrect; sepals and petals translucent greenish white or pinkish green, sometimes straw-coloured; lip greenish white or cream with rose-pink nerves on the side lobes and 2 rose-pink blotches at the base of the mid-lobe; calli white.. Spur greenish white, flushed rose-pink or brownish green; column cream; pedicel and ovary slender, 10–13(–15) mm. long.. Dorsal sepal linear-ligulate or linear-elliptic, obtuse to acute, 3-nerved, incurved, (8–)10–12(–13) mm. long, 2–3.2 mm. broad; lateral sepals linear-ligulate or narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, falcate, obtuse to acute, 3-nerved, (6–)7.5–9(–11) mm. long, 2–3.3(–4.6) mm. broad.. Petals oblong-elliptic, oblique, acute, 3-nerved, broader than sepals, (8.3–)10–11.2 mm. long, (2–)3.3–4.6 mm. broad.. Lip projected forwards, articulated at the base, distinctly 3-lobed, subquadrate in outline, glabrous, 7–9 mm. long; mid-lobe broadly obovate or reniform, abruptly and shortly clawed at the base, lobulate, retuse or ± truncate, longer than side lobes, 3.5–4.2 mm. long, (6–)7–8(–10) mm. broad; side lobes semiobovate, rounded, not saccate at the base, erect, somewhat incurved, nerves not prominent, shorter than mid-lobe; disc with 2 approximate, obliquely semiobovate, divergent basal keels, glabrous.. Spur short, stout, oblong-clavate, rounded, straight, 4–5 mm. long.. Column erect, oblong, oblique at base or with a short foot, 4–5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; anther oblong, ± 2.2 mm. long.
More
Plants terrestrial; pseudobulbs conical, 20-30 x 10-15 mm; roots simple, 5 mm thick, surface roughly verrucose; leaves single per pseudobulb, sessile or with a petiole to 20 mm long, blades lorate-elliptic, acute, erect, green speckled with darker spots, 110-180 x 25-45 mm. Inflorescences racemose, rarely paniculate, 200-300 mm tall; sheaths lax, 3-4, acuminate, papery, 25-40 mm long; bracts papery, narrowly lanceolate, half as long as the 10 mm long pedicels. Flowers greenªish yellow with a bright yellow, red-streaked lip, 15-20 mm in diameter. Sepals subequal, spreadªing, lorate to oblanceolate, obtuse-apiculate, conªcave, 8-11 x 3.5-4 mm; laterals slightly oblique. Petals erect, elliptic, obtuse-apiculate, 8-10 x 4-5 mm. Lip 8-9 mm long and 11 mm wide, crest of transverse ridges at entrance to spur; midlobe shallowly lobulate, lobes rounded; side lobes porªrect, rounded, 3-4 mm tall; spur clavate, rounded or emarginate, 4-6 x 2 mm. Gynostemium 2 mm tall.
Plants 20–43 cm. Roots fibrous, white, stout. Pseudobulbs dark green, ovoid to orbicular, 2–5 × 1–3 cm, often concealed by imbricate fibrous sheaths or 1 closely appressed sheath, 1-leaved at apex. Leaves: blade nearly erect, olive green with dark green mottling, oblong-elliptic, abaxially keeled, 12–32 × 3.5–5.5 cm, succulent leathery, apex acute. Inflorescences lax, 10–42 cm; peduncles erect, slender, with few remote sheaths. Flowers 5–15, 9–15 mm wide; sepals and petals light brown to pinkish green; sepals 8–12 × 2–3 mm; dorsal sepal linear-oblong, apex acute; lateral sepals slightly falcate; petals oblong-elliptic, 12 × 4 mm, apex acute; lip white with 2 parallel pink blotches, 9–14 × 8–12 mm, lateral lobes erect, white with thin, radiating purple lines, orbiculate, spur curved, 5 × 2 mm; column curved, white, 5–7 mm. Capsules pendent, elliptic-oblong, to 3.5 cm.
Lip 7–9 mm long, 3-lobed; side lobes erect; mid-lobe 3.5–4.2 mm long, 6–10 mm wide, broadly obovate or reniform, emarginate; disk with 2 approximate, divergent, glabrous basal keels; spur 4–5 mm long, stout, straight, bulbous at tip.
Leaf with a petiole 1–2 cm long, articulated ± at the base; lamina 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, oblong-oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, conduplicate towards the base, coriaceous, grey-green mottled with dark green.
Sepals and petals greenish-white, greenish-pink or straw-coloured; lip white with 2 purple-red blotches at the base of the mid-lobe; side lobes purple-veined.
Sepals 7–13 × 2–3.2 mm, linear-ligulate or narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, the dorsal sepal erect, the lateral sepals deflexed.
Pseudobulbs 2–4 × 1.5–2 cm, ovoid, oblong or cylindrical, covered when young with pale brown imbricate cataphylls, 1-leafed.
Inflorescence erect, simple or with 1–2 short branches, fairly laxly 10–20-flowered.
Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, up to 20 mm long at base of the inflorescence.
Glabrous, terrestrial herb 20–40 cm high; roots stout, c. 4 mm in diameter.
Column 4–5 mm long, 2 mm wide, oblique at base or with a short foot.
Petals 8.5–11 × 2–4.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, oblique, obtuse.
Pedicel and ovary 10–12 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support epiphyte
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.35
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Oeceoclades maculata leaf picture by Santiago Rodriguez (cc-by-sa)
Oeceoclades maculata leaf picture by Julio Moguel Yanes (cc-by-sa)
Oeceoclades maculata leaf picture by Tanya Bryant (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oeceoclades maculata world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Oeceoclades maculata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1073117-2
WFO ID wfo-0000254506
COL ID 74HWB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630259
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Oeceoclades mackenii Oeceoclades maculata Oeceoclades monophylla Epidendrum connivens Eulophia mackenii Eulophia maculata Eulophidium mackenii Eulophidium monophyllum Eulophidium nyassanum Eulophidium warneckeanum Graphorkis maculata Angraecum maculatum Eulophia liedenii Eulophidium ledieni Eulophia ledienii Aerobion maculatm Oeceoclades paraguayensis Angraecum monophyllum Graphorchis maculata Limodorum maculatum Oeceoclades maculata var. pterocarpa Eulophidium maculatum var. pterocarpum Eulophidium maculatum Eulophia monophylla