Oldfieldia dactylophylla (welw. ex Oliv.) J.léonard

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Picrodendraceae > Oldfieldia

Characteristics

A much-branched tree up to 10 m. tall with a short bole, somewhat ascending branches and a narrow, bushy crown.. Bark dark grey or black, oblong-reticulate scaly.. Twigs thick, with the leaf-scar margins raised to form tubercles which are often closely packed, ferruginous pubescent at first, later glabrescent.. Leaves alternate, subopposite or opposite; petioles 2–7(–10) cm. long, fulvous or ferruginous pubescent at first, later glabrescent; leaflets 3–5(–7), elliptic-oblong, oblanceolate or obovate, the median often much larger than the laterals, 8–10(–16) cm. long, 3–7 cm. wide, the laterals (2–)5–8(–14) cm. long, (1.5–)2–4(–5) cm. wide, rounded, obtuse or subacute at apex, attenuate or cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, lateral nerves (10–)13–15(–17) pairs, looped well within the margin, and with a further irregular series of loops nearer the margin, somewhat prominent above and beneath, sparingly pubescent above and densely pubescent along the midrib above at first, later becoming ± glabrous, evenly pubescent to densely fulvous tomentose, at length becoming sparingly pubescent beneath, shining and dark green above, dull and paler beneath; petiolules 1–3 mm. long, or leaflets ± subsessile.. Male inflorescences: peduncles 1–7 mm. long, densely ferruginous pubescent, or inflorescences ± subsessile; bracts ovate-suborbicular, 1.5 mm. long, fuscous pubescent; flowers densely capitate.. Female inflorescences: peduncles 3 mm. long, extending to 1.5 cm. in fruit, commonly 1-flowered; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 3 mm. long, ferruginous pubescent.. Male flowers: pedicels 0.5 mm. long; sepals 6–8, oblong, 2 mm. long, obtuse, ferruginous to fuscous pubescent without, quite glabrous within; stamens 7, 5–6 mm. long, anthers 1 mm. long, bright yellow; disc 2 mm. diameter, slightly convex; pistillode minute or 0.. Female flowers: pedicels stout, 0.5 mm. long, extending to 5 mm. in fruit, ferruginous pubescent; sepals resembling those of the ♂ flowers, but 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, and minutely pubescent within towards the apex; disc 2 mm. diameter; ovary 2-locular, obovoid-subglobose, 1.5–2 mm. long, 1.5–2 mm. diameter, densely fulvous tomentose; styles 2, 1–1.5 mm. long, densely white-pubescent, stigmas honey-coloured, velvety.. Fruit obovoid-subglobose, with 2 shallow ridges along the dehiscence-sutures, and 2 scarcely raised lines corresponding to the septa, 2.5–3.5 cm. long, 1.8–2.2 cm. wide, sparingly to evenly pubescent.. Seeds compressed-rhomboid, 1 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, 4 mm. deep, pale yellowish brown.. Fig. 21.
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A small tree. It grows 15 m high. It loses many leaves during the year. The trunk is short and is usually swollen at the base. The crown is flattened due to spreading branches. The small branches are thick and have red-brown hairs. The bark is grey and scaly with deep cracks. The leaves are compound with leaflets like fingers on a hand. There are 3-7 unequal leaflets. They are dark green and leathery. They are shiny above and have brown hairs underneath. The leaves have stalks 1 cm long. The flowers are very small. Male and female flowers are on separate trees. Female flowers occur singly and male flowers are in dense clusters. They are orange-brown. The fruit is round and a dull yello-green colour. They are 2 cm across and have soft hairs. The fruit break open to release the seeds.
Leaves alternate, subopposite or opposite; petioles 2–11 cm long; leaflets 3–5(7), the median often much larger than the laterals, 6–15 × 2.5–5.5 cm, elliptic-oblong, oblanceolate or obovate, rounded, obtuse or subacute at the apex, attenuate or cuneate at the base, thinly coriaceous, the midrib sunk in a channel, fairly prominent beneath, evenly pubescent along the midrib and otherwise sparingly pubescent above at first, later glabrescent, evenly to densely fulvous-to sericeous-tomentose beneath, shiny and dark green above, duller and paler beneath; lateral nerves in 10–17 pairs, brochidodromous well within the margin, often with interstitials, slightly prominent above; petiolules 1–7 mm long, or leaflets subsessile.
Female flowers: pedicels 0.5 mm long, extending to 5 mm in fruit, stout, ferrugineous-pubescent; sepals 2.5–3 × 1.5 mm, triangular-lanceolate, minutely pubescent within at the apex, otherwise more or less as in the male; disk 2 mm in diameter; ovary 2-locular, 1.5–3 × 1.5–3 mm, ovoid-subglobose, densely ferrugineous-tomentose; styles 2, 1–1.5 mm long, densely tomentose, stigmas velvety, greyish-yellow-brown.
Male flowers: pedicels 0.5 mm long; sepals 6–8, 2 mm long, oblong, obtuse, ferrugineous-pubescent without, glabrous within; stamens 7, 5–6 mm long, anthers c. 1 mm long, bright yellow; disk 2 mm in diameter, slightly convex; pistillode minute or absent.
Male inflorescences subsessile, or with peduncles 1–7 mm long, densely ferrugineous-tomentose; bracts 1.5 mm long, suborbicular-ovate, pubescent; flowers densely capitate.
Female peduncles 3 mm long, extending a little in fruit, commonly 1-flowered; bracts 3 mm long, oblong-lanceolate.
Bole short, straight, c. 25 cm in diameter; bark rough, reticulate, c. 2 cm thick, dark grey; wood dull brown.
Twigs thick, ferrugineous-pubescent at first, later glabrescent; leaf scar margins raised, tuberculiform.
Fruit 1.5 × 1.6 cm, obovoid-subglobose, 2-lineate, brownish velvety-tomentose, orange when ripe.
A small, spreading often somewhat stunted tree to 10 m high, with a milky latex.
Seeds 1 × 1 × 0.4 cm, compressed-rhomboid, pale yellowish-brown.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 11.0
Root system -
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Flower color
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Deciduous plateau woodland, often on sandy soils, usually as a subcanopy tree or shrub in Brachystegia and mixed deciduous woodlands, and woodland on Kalahari Sand, also on rocky hills and dambo margins at elevations from 1035-1830 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in the savannah. It grows in Miombo woodland.
Light -
Soil humidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The pulp of the fruit is edible. The ripe fruit are eaten and the seeds discarded.
Uses food fuel gene source material medicinal wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Productivity -

Distribution

Oldfieldia dactylophylla world distribution map, present in Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:352541-1
WFO ID wfo-0000255435
COL ID 493GT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Oldfieldia dactylophylla Paivaeusa dactylophylla