Omphalea diandra L.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Omphalea

Characteristics

Liana up to 30 m high; main stems 5 cm thick or more; bark exuding reddish or purplish sap when cut. Leaves firmly chartaceous; petioles (1-)2-11 cm long; stipules ca 2-2.5 mm long, pubescent; blades elliptic to oblong, ca 8-21 cm long, 5-15 cm broad, pubescent beneath or sometimes glabrate, the veins at base 3 or 5, with 2 or 3 additional pairs of main veins, the veinlet reticulum conspicuous beneath, the glands at base of blade massive, rounded, sessile, ca 1.2-2 mm wide, the base rounded to truncate or subcordate, the margins entire, the apex mostly bluntly obtuse. Inflorescences paniculate, ca (1-)2-5 dm long, with a few lateral axes toward the base, these ca 1-15 cm long, sometimes again branched, bearing many male and a few female flowers which are central in hymaphriditic cymules or solitary at ends of ultimate axes; bracts on lower parts of axes lanceolate, densely pubescent, 2-3 mm long, biglandular near the base; bracts on distal parts of axes foliose, ca 2-3.5 cm long, 1.5-5 mm broad, glabrate, biglandular well above the base (ca 4-8 mm). Staminate flowers with pedicels becoming 1.5-2.5 mm long; calyx-lobes 4 (rarely 5), biseriate, unequal, the inner pair more or less cochleately enveloping the androecium, fleshy, at anthesis 1.5-2.7 mm long, 1.7-2.6 mm broad, glabrous except for the + ciliate margins; disc fleshy, more or less adnate to base of calyx-lobes, ca 1.5-2.2 mm across; stamens 2 (rarely 3), the androecium (dilated connectives) disciform, fleshy, 1-1.5 mm wide, the anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long. Pistillate flowers on pedicels ca 1-2 mm long; calyx-lobes 4 and decussate (rarely 5), ovate, fleshy, 1.5-2 mm long and about as broad, pubescent or nearly glabrous; disc thin, circular, ca 1.2 mm wide, hidden under the ovary; ovary ca 3-4 mm high, ovoid, sericeous, the stylar column stout, sericeous, 2-2.5 mm long, the stigmas erect, ca 0.2 mm long. Fruits fleshy, pomiform, ca 8-12 cm in diam, at length dehiscent (?); seeds com-pressed, rounded, 3.9-4.5 cm broad, brown, rugulose.
More
A climber. The bark has a slimy white latex that turns red. The flowers are of single sexes but on the same plant. They are in the axils on old wood. They can be arranged with one central female flower. The fruit is a pear shaped berry. It can be angular. It is fleshy and 11.5 cm long by 8 cm wide and 7 cm thick. It tapers towards the base. The pulp is greenish-yellow and edible. There are 2-3 seeds. These can be 3 sided. They are 5 cm long by 4.5 cm wide and 3 cm thick. They are rich in oils and edible. They have a rough seed coat.
Life form perennial
Growth form vine
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows on ridges, along creeks and in rainforests. It grows up to 600 m above sea level.
More
Lowland rainforests and swamp forests. Ridge, creek and rainforests.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seeds are eaten but the embryo is removed.
Uses material medicinal
Edible fruits nuts seeds
Therapeutic use Cathartic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Omphalea diandra leaf picture by R. Tournebize (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Omphalea diandra world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:352565-1
WFO ID wfo-0000255544
COL ID 6SLJL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630261
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Omphalea cordata Omphalea diandra Omphalea elaeophoroides Omphalea panamensis Omphalea megacarpa Omphalandria diandra Hebecocca panamensis Omphalea diandra var. panamensis Omphalea diandra var. paraensis Omphalea guyanensis Omphalea diandra var. genuina