Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.

Holy-clover (en), Sainfoin à feuilles de Vesce (fr), Esparcette cultivée (fr), Sainfoin (fr), Esparcette (fr), Sainfoin cultivé (fr), Sainfoin à feuilles de vesce (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Onobrychis

Characteristics

Herbs, perennial, 0.5-1.2 m tall. Stems erect, caespitose. Stipules triangular-ovate, 7-9 mm, connate farther than middle. Leaves 10-18 cm, 13-19-foliolate; leaflet blades oblong-lan­ceolate to lanceolate, 2-3 × 0.4-1 cm, abaxially appressed pu­bescent, adaxially glabrous. Racemes densely spicate, with many flowers; bracts lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as pedicel; pe­duncle conspicuously longer than leaves. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Ca­lyx campanulate, 6-8 mm, villous; teeth subulate-lanceolate, 2-2.5 × as long as tube. Corolla pinkish purple; standard obovate, 8-10 mm; wings ca. 1/4 as long as standard; keel ± as long as standard. Ovary densely appressed pubescent. Legume with 1 article; article subglobose, 5-6 mm in diam., inflated, margin thickened and adaxially with prickles. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug.
More
Perennial, 3–6 dm, sparingly branched; lfls 11–29, oblanceolate to oblong, 1–3 cm, peduncles from the upper axils, stout, 1–3 dm; racemes dense, 5–10 cm; bracts brownish, lanceolate; fls rosy, 10–14 mm; cal-lobes linear-setaceous, 3–5 mm, usually ciliate or long-hairy; fr obliquely rotund-ovate, 5–8 mm, strongly and coarsely reticulate-veined, the broadly rounded lower suture beset with short stout spines or coarse teeth; 2n=28. Native of s. Europe, occasionally intr. in our range. June, July.
A herb which grows 60-100 cm tall and spreads 50 cm wide. It keeps growing from year to year. The stem is erect and tough and has grooves. The leaves have leaflets along the stalk. The leaves are 15 cm long and there are 13-25 narrow leaflets. The flowers are bright pink with purple or red veins. The flowers occur in long dense clusters. The fruit are flat pods. There are pits on both sides. There is one seed per pod.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.8 - 1.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.95
Root diameter (meter) 0.5
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a Mediterranean climate plant. It will grow in most well-drained soils. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to frost and drought. Tasmania Herbarium.
More
Grassland on chalk and limestone. Dry, sunny meadows, pastureland.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 3-4
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 5-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

It is an important honey plant. The sprouted seeds are eaten. The roasted seeds are used as a coffee substitute.
Uses animal food bee plant breeding coffee substitute environmental use experimental purposes fodder forage invertebrate food manure medicinal
Edible flowers leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seeds are sown where the plants are to grow.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 27
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Onobrychis viciifolia habit picture by Ernst Fürst (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia habit picture by michel cosme (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia habit picture by beurny (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Onobrychis viciifolia leaf picture by patrick luddens (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia leaf picture by Laurent Colombet (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia leaf picture by Thomas NEVERS (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Onobrychis viciifolia flower picture by Jack Connolly (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia flower picture by yves Barthélémy (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia flower picture by Ezio sacchi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Onobrychis viciifolia fruit picture by Jacques Maréchal (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia fruit picture by eric wessels (cc-by-sa)
Onobrychis viciifolia fruit picture by Patrice Bracquart (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Onobrychis viciifolia world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Algeria, Ecuador, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), Mongolia, Mauritius, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Conservation status

Onobrychis viciifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:510168-1
WFO ID wfo-0000205013
COL ID 49L68
BDTFX ID 44752
INPN ID 110139
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Onobrychis viciifolia f. nivea Onobrychis viciifolia Onobrychis viciifolia f. pallidiflora Onobrychis viciifolia f. roseola Onobrychis viciifolia f. subvillosa Onobrychis glabra Onobrychis spicata Onobrychis pallescens Onobrychis onobrychis Onobrychis procumbens Onobrychis esponellae Onobrychis vicioides Onobrychis sativa Hedysarum echinatum Onobrychis vulgaris Onobrychis incana Onobrychis collina Hedysarum onobrychioides Hedysarum onobrychis Onobrychis viciifolia f. albiflora Onobrychis viciifolia f. glabrescens Onobrychis viciifolia f. inermis Hedysarum onobrychis Onobrychis viciifolia subsp. sativa Onobrychis viciifolia subsp. sativum Onobrychis viciifolia var. viciifolia Onobrychis sativa var. hirsuta Onobrychis viciifolia f. pallens Onobrychis viciifolia subsp. collina Onobrychis sativa var. bifera Onobrychis sativa var. calvescens Onobrychis sativa var. communis Onobrychis sativa var. pseudosupina Onobrychis sativa var. silvestris Onobrychis viciifolia var. collina Onobrychis viciifolia var. comosa Onobrychis viciifolia var. culta Onobrychis viciifolia var. subvillosa Onobrychis vulgaris var. sativa