An erect slender to somewhat bushy, stiffly-branched annual or perennial herb, up to c. 70 cm tall; tap-root becoming woody. Stem simple in lower part or much-branched, longitudinally striate, coarsely pubescent; the hairs ± unequal-armed T-shaped; branches divaricate-ascending, mosdy 3-20 cm long, similar to the stem Leaves subsessile, up to 45 x 4 mm, linear-oblanceolate, obtuse mucronate at the apex, entire, ± revolute, gradually tapering to the base, puberulous to ± scabridulous; much smaller and ± crowded on axillary and flowering branches. Capitula many or numerous, solitary on short leafy brancbes, or 2-3 corymbiformly cymose on longer branches; involucres up to c. 10 mm long, cyathiform, width less than or ± equal to length. Phyllaries appressed imbricate, hardly spreading, becoming thinly cartilaginous, araneose-pilose to glabrescent, ciliate on upper margins, ± equalling the pappus in length; the outermost phyllaries ovate to oblong, acute mucronate; the inner increasing in length to the inside, linear-oblong, ± expanded apically and mucronate to shortly aristate at the tip. Corollas purplish, up to 10 mm long, tapering gradually to the base. Achenes pale-brown, c. 2.5 mm long, obconic-turbinate, 5-7-ribbed, hispidulous on the ribs, glandular between them; outer pappus of short lanceolate scales, inner pappus of brownish plumose setae 5-7 mm long, the setae bristles fine and longer than the achene hairs.
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Perennial herb, 0.5-0.75 m high. Leaves linear, margins revolute. Heads 3-many per branch, racemose or laxly paniculate. Involucral bracts puberulous, with hairs towards bract apex reddish brown. Outer pappus of short, narrow, brownish scales, inner of brownish, barbellate setae. Achenes 4-or 5-ribbed, hispidulous. Flowers purplish.
Annual or perennial herb, up to 1 m high. Stems and leaves gland-dotted, scabrous. Leaves linear, puberulous. Heads in open corymbose panicles. Involucral bracts suddenly contracted at tips. Pappus bristles of inner whorl plumose, outer whorl scales. Flowers purple.