Oplopanax horridus (Sm.) Miq.

Devil's-club (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Araliaceae > Oplopanax

Characteristics

A shrub. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows 0.9-3 m high and spreads 1.5 m wide. It has spiny branches. These are often trailing. The leaves are like maple leaves. There are spines down the middle of the leaf underneath. The flowers are white. They are in pyramid shaped clusters. These can be 10-25 cm long. The fruit are shiny red berries. They occur in clusters.
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Shrub 1–3 m, densely prickly on the stem, petioles, and lf-veins; lvs long-petioled, subrotund, 5–7-lobed, to 3.5 dm, cordate at base, the lobes acuminate or cuspidate, serrate; 2n=48. Wet woods; Isle Royale, Mich. and adj. n. Ont.; Oreg. to Mont., n. to Alas., and in e. Asia. June. The Amer. plants are var. horridus. (Fatsia h.; Echinopanax h.)
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows on stony soils in woods. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
More
Moist woods, especially by streams and usually in rich soils.
Light 1-7
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The roots and young fleshy stems are cooked and eaten. The young leaves before the spines stiffen can be eaten raw or cooked in soups and casseroles.
Uses dye environmental use medicinal
Edible leaves roots shoots
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic (Internal) (bark), Cathartic (bark), Emetic (bark), Analgesic (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Gynecological Aid (bark), Antirheumatic (External) (bark), Cold Remedy (bark), Antihemorrhagic (bark), Cancer Treatment (bark), Cough Medicine (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Misc. Disease Remedy (bark), Pulmonary Aid (bark), Respiratory Aid (bark), Tonic (bark), Tuberculosis Remedy (bark), Eye Medicine (bark), Herbal Steam (bark), Unspecified (bark), Orthopedic Aid (bark), Panacea (bark), Dietary Aid (bark), Dermatological Aid (fruit), Poison (fruit), Antirheumatic (External) (leaf), Antirheumatic (Internal) (root), Cathartic (root), Analgesic (root), Cold Remedy (root), Eye Medicine (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Laxative (root), Unspecified (root), Cough Medicine (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (root), Antirheumatic (External) (root), Misc. Disease Remedy (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Poison (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Other (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Eye Medicine (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Unspecified (unspecified), Witchcraft Medicine (unspecified), Antirheumatic (External) (unspecified), Ceremonial Medicine (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Dietary Aid (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -15
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Oplopanax horridus leaf picture by Samantha (cc-by-sa)
Oplopanax horridus leaf picture by sam humphries (cc-by-sa)
Oplopanax horridus leaf picture by Jason Shattuck (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Oplopanax horridus fruit picture by jacksun (cc-by-sa)
Oplopanax horridus fruit picture by Nate Cardozo (cc-by-sa)
Oplopanax horridus fruit picture by Tory Adams (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oplopanax horridus world distribution map, present in Canada, Micronesia (Federated States of), and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:91131-1
WFO ID wfo-0000258635
COL ID 753RH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aralia occidentalis Aralia erinacea Panax horridus Ricinophyllum americanum Ricinophyllum horridum Horsfieldia horrida Echinopanax horridus Fatsia horrida Oplopanax horridus