Leafy parasitic plants; at least some with basal epicortical roots. Leaves decussate, lacking stellate fiber bundles. Inflorescences indeterminate spikes bearing pairs of sessile flowers (monads); each flower with 2 (in Guianan species) prominent boat-shaped bracteoles extending well above subtending bract. Flowers bisexual or plants dioecious; 6-merous, sessile; petals and stamens dimorphic in each flower, anthers 2(4)-loculate, pollen triangular to slightly convex, psilate, syncolpate.