Osmanthus fragrans Lour.

Fragrant olive (en), Olivier odorant (fr), Osmanthe parfumé (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Lamiales > Oleaceae > Osmanthus

Characteristics

Trees or shrubs 3-5(-10) m, glabrous. Petiole 0.8-1.2 (-1.5) cm; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 7-14.5 × 2.6-4.5 cm, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin entire or usually serrulate along distal half, apex acuminate; midrib and 6-8(-10) primary veins adaxially impressed and abaxially raised. Cymes fascicled in leaf axils, many flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 2-4 mm. Pedicel 4-10 mm. Calyx ca. 1 mm. Corolla yellowish, yellow, or orange, 3-4 mm; tube 0.5-1 mm. Stamens attached to middle of corolla tube; connective elongated into an obscure mucro. Drupe purple-black, ellipsoid, oblique, 1-1.5 cm. Fl. Sep-Oct, fr. Mar. 2n = 46*.
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An evergreen shrub or small tree. It grows 3-5 m high and sometimes to 10 m high. The leaf stalk is 0.8-2 cm long. The leaf blade is narrowly oval and 5-9 cm long by 2-3 cm wide. It is leathery. The base is broadly rounded or wedge shaped and it narrows to a long tip. There are often teeth along the top edge. The veins are raised underneath. The flowers are in the axils of leaves. There are many flowers in a group. They are yellowish or orange. The flowers have a sweet scent. The fruit is a fleshy fruit with a hard covering over the seed. The fruit is purple black and oval. It is 1-1.5 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.25 - 1.75
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate to subtropical plant. It grows in S China. In Pakistan it grows in the temperate Himalayas between 1,200-2,200 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 7-11. Melbourne Botanical gardens. Kyneton Botanical Gardens. In Yunnan.
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Mountains of S. Japan. 1,200-2,100 metres in the Himalayas. Forests, in association with Ilex dipyrena and Castanopsis spp, at elevations of 1,300-3,000 metres in Nepal.
Mountains of S. Japan. 1200-2100 metres in the Himalayas. Forests, in association with Ilex dipyrena and Castanopsis spp, at elevations of 1300-3000 metres in Nepal.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The flowers have been used for scenting tea. They are also used to flavour wines, liqueurs, and sweets such as lotus seed soup, pastries and steamed pears. The unripe fruit are preserved in brine like olives. The fruit are eaten.
Uses environmental use essential oil food material medicinal tea
Edible flowers fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Anti-infective agents, local (flower), Insecticides (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Cosmetic (unspecified), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Tea (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from half hardened cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Osmanthus fragrans leaf picture by Nidal Zribi (cc-by-sa)
Osmanthus fragrans leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Osmanthus fragrans leaf picture by Kundan Kumar (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Osmanthus fragrans flower picture by Nidal Zribi (cc-by-sa)
Osmanthus fragrans flower picture by Nidal Zribi (cc-by-sa)
Osmanthus fragrans flower picture by Solci Sonia (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Osmanthus fragrans fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Osmanthus fragrans fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Osmanthus fragrans fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Osmanthus fragrans world distribution map, present in China, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Osmanthus fragrans threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610878-1
WFO ID wfo-0000817133
COL ID 74ZQZ
BDTFX ID 44617
INPN ID 111804
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Olea posua Osmanthus acuminatus Osmanthus fragrans f. latifolius Osmanthus fragrans var. latifolius Osmanthus fragrans var. longifolius Olea fragrans var. acuminata Olea fragrans var. longifolia Olea fragrans var. alba Olea fragrans var. lutea Osmanthus aurantiacus var. cremeus Olea acuminata var. longifolia Osmanthus asiaticus var. latifolius Osmanthus fragrans

Lower taxons

Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus Osmanthus fragrans var. fragrans