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Shrub, 50–100 cm high; stem divaricately branched; branches rigid, ±viscid, densely leafy, becoming ±spiny. Leaves coriaceous, linear-oblanceolate to clavate, 5–20 mm long, 1–4 (–5) mm wide, cuneate, entire or distally 2-or 3-toothed or pinnatifid-pinnatipartite; both surfaces ±arachnoid-hairy, becoming glabrous, distally with stipitate and sessile glands, glaucous. Capitula solitary, terminal, 10–20 mm diam.; peduncle rigid, 5–15 mm long, becoming spinous after fruiting; involucral bracts uniseriate, (5–) 8 (–12), oblong-obovate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–8 mm long, margins and apices often stipitate-glandular, obtuse-acute, mucronulate. Ray florets as many as involucral bracts; ligules yellow to orange, 4–8 mm long. Disc florets yellow to orange, 3–4 mm long. Achenes glabrous, 3-winged, 8–10 mm long, not beaked.
Spiny shrub, 0.5-1.0 m high. Leaves alternate; blade linear, linear-oblong to linear-obovate, apex (2)3-dentate or (2)3-fid, or margins entire; rachis and lobes flat, glandular-viscid. Heads radiate, solitary; peduncle short, glandular-hairy, forming spine after flowering. Involucral bracts uniseriate, glandular-hairy, margins broadly white-scarious. Flowers: ray florets female, fertile, yellow; disc florets functionally male, yellow; Jul.-Jun. Fruit with cypsela 3-winged, without apical cavity; wings deeply lacerated when mature. Pappus absent.
Robust, perennial shrub, 0.5-1.0 m high; old twigs and peduncle spinous, glabrous. Leaves linear-spathulate, thick, narrowed to base, mucronulate, some entire, some 3-toothed or lobed; involucral bracts uniseriate, oblong, subacute, equalling disc florets. Flowers yellow. Flowering time all year. Cypselae rough-sided, 3-winged; wings rigid thick, undulate, transversely lacerate at length.
Much-branched, spinescent shrub or dwarf shrub, 0.5-1 m tall. Leaves alternate, glandular-viscid, glaucous, linear to linear-spathulate, apex (2)3-fid or dentate, occasionally entire. Flowerheads radiate, solitary, pedunculate; ray florets long, yellow, occasionally purple underneath; disc florets yellow. Cypselas 3-winged.
Spiny shrub, 0.5-1.0 m high. Leaves alternate, linear, linear-oblong to linear-spathulate, 5-20 x 1-4 mm, margins (2-)3-dentate or (2-)3-fid, or entire; rachis and lobes flat. Achenes with 3 wings. Flowers yellow.
