Oxalis incarnata L.

Crimson woodsorrel (en), Oxalis incarnat (fr), Oxalide incarnate (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Oxalidales > Oxalidaceae > Oxalis

Characteristics

Erect, caulescent, branching, 10-30 cm high, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on the younger parts. Bulb ovoid or narrow-ovoid, up to 2 cm long, with a short curved beak, the outer tunics minutely puberulous, palish brown; bulbils forming both on the rhizome and in the leaf axils, the latter up to 1 cm long. Rhizome long, slender. Stem slender, branching from the leaf axils, the internodes 1-7 cm long. Leaves mostly in pseudo-whorls of 4-10, the lower sometimes opposite; petioles slender, 2-6 cm long, dilated below the articulation; leaflets 3, shortly petiolulate, broadly or very broadly obcordate, tapering cuneately to the base, 0.5-1.5 cm long, 0.8-2 cm broad, thin, often livid beneath, folding downwards at night. Peduncles 1-fld., terminal or in the upper leaf axils, 3-7 cm long, with 2 opposite callose bracts at an articulation above the middle. Sepals oblong, subacute, 4-6 mm long, with several converging light brown calli near the apex. Corolla 1.2-2 cm long, white or very pale lilac, with a rather broad pale greenish tube; petals obliquely subcuneate, slightly attenuate into a claw, minutely papillate at the base, rounded or somewhat truncate at the apex. Filaments, the longer 4-6.5 mm long, pubescent, with conspicuous swollen obtuse teeth. Ovary pubescent on the upper half, the chambers 1-ovuled; styles pubescent, with small green stigmas. The short-styled form appears to be very rare, if existent at all. Seeds endospermous. FIowering is noted as Aug.-Sep., Jan.-Apl.
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Perennial herb with erect or somewhat spreading stems 5–30 cm long, branched, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent on younger parts; rhizome slender, 3–8 cm long; bulb ovoid, to c. 2 cm long, beaked, tunics pale brown, papery; bulbils formed on rhizome and in leaf-axils. Plants glabrous except for simple eglandular hairs on sepals, filaments and style. Stipules membranous, to c. 3 mm long, tapering into petiole. Leaves crowded at ends of branches, mostly 4–10 in pseudowhorls, palmately trifoliolate; petiole 1–7 cm long, glabrous; leaflets subsessile, mostly broadly obcordate, 5–15 mm long, 8–20 mm wide, bilobed (sinus to c. one-quarter leaflet length), green, often greyish below, glabrous, with a near-marginal irregular row of orange calli present, lobes oblong, apices rounded and 7–10 mm apart. Inflorescences axillary, 1-flowered; peduncles 2.5–12 cm long, longer than leaves, glabrous. Bracts situated c. half way along pedicel, linear-subulate, 2–2.8 mm long, calli prominent. Sepals oblong, 4–6 mm long, often with scattered, simple, eglandular hairs, with several converging light brown calli near apex. Petals obliquely subcuneate, 10–22 mm long, very pale lilac or pale pinkish-purple, greenish at base, glabrous. Stamens at 2 levels; filaments hairy. Ovary pubescent on the upper half. Styles pubescent below, glandular-pilose above. Capsules not developed in Australia.
Perennial, almost glabrous herb with thick fleshy contractile root; main bulb c. 2 cm long, subterranean; tunic brown, with scale nerves inconspicuous; secondary aerial bulbs or bulbils small, common in branch axils. Stems spreading to sub-erect, glabrous, with many flexuous, slender branches. Lvs 3-foliolate, glabrous. Petiole 2-7-(12) cm long; stipules forming a narrow to broad wing. Lamina of leaflets subequal, subsessile, 4-16 × 5-22 mm, mostly broadly obcordate, with ± divergent lobes, finely reticulate beneath, with a submarginal irregular row of orange calli; base ± narrow-cuneate, often slightly hairy. Fls solitary; peduncles 2.5-12 cm long, filiform. Bracts c. 1/2 way along pedicel, 2-2.8 mm long, linear-subulate; calli prominent. Sepals 4.5-5.5 mm long, ovate-oblong, often slightly hairy; calli 2, apical, prominent, orange. Petals 1.7-2.2 cm long, pale mauve, sometimes becoming almost white, glabrous; limb broad-obovate. Stamens in 2 whorls; filaments hairy, dilated towards base, < 4 mm long. Styles much > longer whorl of stamens, hairy except near apex. Capsule not seen.
Herbs perennial, caulescent, rhizomes present, <3–8 cm, slender, sometimes producing small tubers>, stolons absent, bulblets often present on rhizomes and in leaf axils. Aerial stems mostly 1–4 from base, mostly erect, 5–25 cm, herbaceous, glabrous. Leaves cauline, <usually in pseudowhorls of 4–8, sometimes opposite proximally>; stipules rudimentary; petiole 2–5(–7) cm; leaflets 3, green, sometimes purplish abaxially, obcordate, 6–10(–15) mm, lobed 1/4 length, <lobes apically convex>, surfaces glabrous, oxalate deposits absent. Inflorescences 1-flowered; peduncles 5–7 cm. Flowers: stamen/style arrangement not seen; sepal apices with 2 orange tubercles; petals white to pale pinkish purple with darker veins, 10–20 mm. Capsules not seen.
Caulescent geophyte, up to 0.3 m high. Bulbs ovoid, pale brown. Stem slender, branched. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obcordate. Flowers white or pale lilac with greenish tube. Flowering time Aug., Sept.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It has small bulbs. The stems are upright with a crown of leaves and flowers. These are on single stalks with all stalks growing from a single point.
Caulescent geophyte with slender, branched stem, 10-30 cm. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obcordate. Flowers white or pale lilac with greenish tube, peduncle articulated.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.3
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A common and troublesome weed of gardens as well as some native vegetation, tolerating deep shade.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows best in shady positions.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

The leaves can be used as a garnish on soft foods such as ice-cream and sorbet and soft cheese. The stems can be chopped and used in salads or as a vegetable.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Oxalis incarnata leaf picture by രാഹുൽ ഗോപിനാഥ് (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis incarnata leaf picture by Rudo Walinga (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis incarnata leaf picture by Nick Green (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Oxalis incarnata flower picture by രാഹുൽ ഗോപിനാഥ് (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis incarnata flower picture by mj mjcoren (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis incarnata flower picture by catherine coudert (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oxalis incarnata world distribution map, present in Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:375021-1
WFO ID wfo-0000387362
COL ID 6TF6K
BDTFX ID 47150
INPN ID 111895
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Acetosella incarnata Oxys incarnata Oxalis verecunda Oxalis incarnata