Oxalis latifolia Kunth

Broadleaf woodsorrel (en), Oxalis à feuilles larges (fr), Oxalide à feuilles larges (fr), Oxalis à larges feuilles (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Oxalidales > Oxalidaceae > Oxalis

Characteristics

Apparently stemless herb; roots deep, vertical, the branches fibrous; bulbs ovoid or globose to 25 mm long, 20 mm diam., outer scales papyraceous, large, sometimes absent; scales (nutritious) brown, elliptic, acute, narrow, 7-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, strongly 3-nerved, 1-2 lateral pairs of nerves thinner, excep-tionally yet another shorter lateral pair present; bulbils ovoid, acute, ca. 1 cm, young, protected by several hyaline bracts similar to those described above, smaller. Leaves with the leaflets green, violaceous below, triangular, cuneate 10-45 mm long, 20-75 mm wide, the distal margin straight, rarely incised to '/5-'/4 the length, short mucronate or broken in a broad, obtuse angle and the lobes divergent, small calli of various shapes often nearby, the distal angles obtuse, glabrous or sparse hairy below on the nerves or rarely overall; the margin with some cilia; petioles ascendent 5-15 cm long, glabrous or somewhat pilose; petio-lules fleshy, ca. 1 mm long, pilose; stipules connate to the petioles, hyaline-papyraceous, rusty-brown, ovate or rectangular, the apex auriculate, ciliate with long, viscid rusty hairs, the margins glandular, 3 prominent nerves arising from the base and with orange calli converging just below the apex, lateral pairs gen-erally 2, thinner and shorter, not reaching the apex: the inner pair sometimes bifurcate. Inflorescences umbelliform cymes commonly twice as long as the fo-liage, to 30 cm long, loosely 5-20-flowered; peduncles 10-25 cm long, similar to the petioles; bracts ca. 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, and bracteoles ca. 1 mm, all at the base of the inflorescence, hyaline, broadly ovate to rhombic or elliptic, acute, clasping the peduncle or the pedicel, ciliate, 1-nerved, softly crenate; pedicels thin, 14-20 mm long. Flowers with the sepals green, the margin hyaline, glabrous, uneven, linear-elliptic to oblong, narrowed to the apex, obtuse or subacute, 3-5 mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, with orange or violaceous calli at the apex, 0.3-0.8 mm long, 2-lobate, convergent at the top end, sometimes entire, ovate, the base irregular; petals white at the base, pink to purplish at the limb, 2.5-3.5 times the length of the calyx, obovate, spathulate, clawed; stamens with filaments enlarged towards the base, pilose on the upper half, the longer stamens ca. 4 mm long with an obtuse sometimes inconspicuous ligule near the middle; the shorter stamens ca. 3 mm long, connate 1/4 way up; pistils micro-or rarely macrostylous, 4.5-5.5 mm long, the ovary ovoid, glabrous, the carpels 4-8-ovuled, the styles fine, gla-brous, the stigma bifid, papillose. Capsule oblong, acute, glabrous 4-8.5 mm long, the calyx to l/4-?/2 its length, the styles 1.5-2 mm long, the carpels 4-8-seeded, the hairs inside sometimes inconspicuous; seeds brownish, ellipsoid, slightly flattened, ca. 1-1. 1 mm long, 8-9-ribbed in zig-zag with 12-13 transversal striae.
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Perennial herb with stems not evident, with a fleshy contractile root below the main bulb; bulbs ovoid to globose, pointed, 1–1.5 cm long, tunics creamish or pale brown, vertically ribbed; bulbils formed from old bulbs, sessile. Indumentum of simple, eglandular hairs. Stipules conspicuous, to c. 10 mm long, with rounded or obtuse lobes, the stipular wing long-ciliate. Leaves basal, palmately trifoliolate; petiole 5–30 cm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy; leaflets subsessile, broadly obcordate, 9–35 mm long, 15–53 mm wide, bilobed (sinus up to one-quarter of leaflet length), green, sometimes with maroon markings, glabrous above, glabrous or sparsely pubescent below, margins sparsely ciliate, lobe apices rounded and 12–50 mm apart, calli absent. Inflorescences basal, umbel-like, 6–12 (–15)-flowered; peduncles 7–26 mm long, longer than leaves, glabrous or sparsely hairy; pedicels 10–20 mm long, glabrous or hairy. Bracts situated at base of pedicels, broad lanceolate, 1.8–3 mm long, ciliate, calli absent. Sepals lanceolate, 3.5–6 mm long, glabrous, green with 2 conspicuous orange-brown apical calli. Petals oblong-obovate to narrowly obovate, 9–15 mm long, whitish or very pale mauve-pink, pale yellow and green near base, glabrous. Stamens at 2 levels; filaments hirsute with spreading hairs above, dilated and glabrous below. Ovary glabrous. Styles with appressed, antrorse hairs. Capsules not developed in Australia.
Perennial herb, stemless, with a thick fleshy white root below the main bulb; bulb ovoid to globose, pointed, 1–1.5 cm long, tunics pale brown, vertically ribbed, often ciliate; bulbils formed from old bulbs on stolons to c. 4 cm long. Plants glabrous except for simple, eglandular hairs on filaments and sometimes styles. Stipules conspicuous, to c. 10 mm long, with rounded or obtuse lobes. Leaves basal, palmately trifoliolate; petiole 5–23 (–50) cm long, sparsely hairy; leaflets subsessile, cuneate-deltoid, 9–45 mm long, 17–75 mm wide, bilobed (sinus wide, to c. one-third leaflet length), green, sometimes maroon-flecked, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below, calli absent, margins sparsely ciliate, lobes triangular, divergent, apices rounded and 12–70 mm apart. Inflorescences basal, 6–14-flowered; peduncles 10–35 cm long, longer than leaves, sparsely hairy; pedicels 10–20 mm long, glabrous. Bracts at base of pedicel, lanceolate, 2–3 mm long, with a single linear apical callus. Sepals lanceolate-elliptic to elliptic, 3–5.5 mm long, glabrous, green with 2 conspicuous orange-brown apical calli. Petals 10–16 mm long, pink to purple, white at base, glabrous. Stamens at 2 levels; filaments of longer set hirsute above, glabrous and dilated below, shorter set sparingly hairy. Ovary glabrous. Styles glabrous or hairy (in long-styled flower). Capsules not developed in Australia.
Stemless herb from bulbous base, no rootstock; bulb ovoid, up to 5 by 2 cm, acute, with numerous, basal, ± erect stolons, with a few small scales, ending in ovoid, acute bulbils pale brown when dry; tunics many, outer up to 5 by 2 cm, ovate, acuminate or with terminal leaf, membranous, transparent, white, nerves 3 to several, orange; inner becoming fleshy. Petiole up to 20 cm, ± glabrous. Leaflets ± equal, 1½-7½ by 2-8½ cm, broadly obdeltoid, fishtail-shaped, incised up to halfway, glabrous, beneath subglaucous, often with 2 orange calli in notch, epunctate. Peduncles up to 25 cm, slightly hairy. Inflorescence umbellate, 5-13-flowered. Bracts 2, c. ½ mm, ovate, margin glabrous to strigose, minutely callose or ecallose. Pedicels up to 2 cm, glabrous, filiform. Sepals 4-4½ (-6) by 1½-2(-3) mm, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, indistinctly 3-5-nerved; apical calli 2, orange, not confluent, c. 1 mm long, minutely hastate. Petals 10-20 by 3-6(-8) mm, narrowly obtriangular, truncate, ± oblique, red-purplish with greenish base, crumpled after anthesis. Filaments (SF) 2½-3(-4) and 4-5(-6) mm, puberulous, the longer with a minute tooth. Ovary and staminal tube c. ½ mm stipitate. Ovary 1.5 by ¾ mm, apically sparsely ciliate on the ribs; styles (SF) c. 1 mm, sparsely ciliate; stigma peltate, c. ¼ mm ø, not papillose; ovules 3-6 per cell, in 1-2 rows.
Underground stem reduced to a disc, the leaves and peduncles having bases modified to form nutritive bulb scales. Flowers umbellate. Rather lax, stemless 15-25 cm high. Bulb ovoid or globose, 1-1.5 cm long; scales brown, the outer few, protective only, papyraceous, ciliate, the inner all nutritive, vertically ridged; bulbils numerous, produced on short runners from the base of the bulb. Rhizome none. Leaves 1-5, basal; petioles 8-18 cm long, arising from the scales of the bulb, like the peduncles glabrous or very sparsely villose; leaflets 3, with very short villose petiolules, very broadly obdeltoid, widely incised on the upper margin, 1-2.5 cm long, 2-4.5 cm broad, the lobes broadly ovate-obcuneate, obtuse at the apex, sometimes sparsely ciliate. Peduncles 6-13 fld., rather longer than the leaves; pedicels glabrous, 1-2 cm long. Sepals lanceolate-oblong, 4-5 mm long, with 2 conspicuous orange-brown apical calli. Corolla 1.1-1.6 cm long, violaceous, with a short widely funnel-shaped greenish striate tube; petals widely cuneate, rounded at the apex, 6-7.5 mm broad. Filaments pubescent, the longer shortly and obtusely dentate. Ovary glabrous, the chambers 6-8-ovuled.
Perennial acaulous herb with thick, fleshy, glassy white, contractile root below the main bulb which is surrounded by numerous small bulbils; tunic brown; scales 3-7-nerved. Lvs 3-foliolate. Petiole (5)-10-50 cm long, glabrous or sparsely hairy; stipular wing broad, membranous, long-ciliate. Lamina of leaflets equal or nearly so, sessile, 12-50 × 18-80 mm, broadly fishtail-shaped, shallowly and broadly 2-lobed, glabrous except for ± hairy base, finely reticulate beneath, not punctate; calli 0 or inconspicuous. Infl. c. 10-50 cm tall, pseudoumbellate, c. 5-15-(20)-flowered, glabrous or nearly so; pedicels very variable in length, ± deflexed at first, usually glabrous. Bracts at pedicel base, c. 3 mm long, lacking calli. Sepals 3-5.5 mm long, lanceolate-elliptic to elliptic, glabrous; calli 2, orange, prominent, apical. Petals c. 1.2-1.5 cm long, oblong-obovate, pink, glabrous. Stamens at 2 levels; filaments of longer set c. 4-5 mm long, hirsute above, glabrous and dilated below, shorter set sparingly hairy. Styles < stamens, glabrous or hairy. Capsule not seen.
Herbs perennial, acaulous, rhizomes and stolons absent, bulb solitary; bulb scales (5–)7–9(–11)-nerved, <inner thickened, white, margins hyaline>. Leaves basal; petiole (6–)10–25 cm; leaflets 3, green, obtriangular to obcordate, (15–)25–40 mm, lobed 1/5–1/2 length, <lobes apically rounded>, surfaces glabrous, oxalate deposits absent. Inflorescences umbelliform cymes, (3–)6–10(–12)-flowered; scapes (7–)10–20(–30) cm, glabrous. Flowers usually tristylous, rarely homostylous; sepal apices with 2 orange, <short to elongate, not confluent> tubercles; petals white to pale green proximally with green veins, purple to lavender or pink distally, 9–12 mm. Capsules cylindric, 4–6 mm, glabrous. 2n = 14, 28, 42.
An erect herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It has spreading underground stems which produce many fibrous bulbs. It grows about 30 cm high. The leaves are at the base and have long stalks. The leaves have 3 leaflets. These are triangular and usually with notches at the tip. The flowers are pink. They are in loose umbrella shaped flower arrangements. About 12 flowers occur together.
Perennial herb, up to 250 mm high. Bulbs giving rise to many runners which develop their own bulbils. Leaflets broadly obdeltoid, 10-25 x 2-45 mm, ecallose. Flowers: peduncle > 1-flowered; sepals with 2 conspicuous orange-brown apical calli; corolla violet, tube greenish; Dec.-May.
Acaulescent geophyte, up to 0.25 m high. Bulbs shallow, many, originating from leaf bases, rhizome absent. Leaves basally congested, trifoliolate, leaflets obdeltoid. Peduncles 6-13-flowered. Flowers light pink with greenish tube. Flowering time Feb.-Apr.
Herb, up to 250 mm tall. Bulbs giving rise to numerous runners which develop their own bulbils. Leaves borne on long slender petioles arising from scaly brown bulbs, leaflets broadly obdeltoid, notched on apical margin. Flowers violet with greenish tube.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread autochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.25
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In gardens, fields, and estates, 1250-1550 m. No fruits are recorded from Java, the plant is apparently functionally heterostylous. It is difficult to eradicate because of the many bulbils.
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It grows in temperate and tropical plants. In Nepal they grow from 1200-1600 m altitude. In Ecuador it grows between 1,000-3,000 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium.
A rare weed of gardens, roadsides and disturbed areas.
A weed of gardens, roadsides and disturbed areas.
Moist, shady conditions.
Not known
Light -
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Young leaves are pickled. They are also chewed as snacks. The stems have a sour taste and are chewed and also used to make a drink. The small tubers are eaten by children.
Uses dye environmental use food medicinal poison
Edible flowers leaves stems tubers
Therapeutic use Inflammation (unspecified), Soporific (unspecified), Stomatitis (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. It can be grown from bulbils.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Oxalis latifolia habit picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis latifolia habit picture by Paul FRANCK (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis latifolia habit picture by randovu (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Oxalis latifolia leaf picture by Jean-René Girardeau (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis latifolia leaf picture by Isabelle PARIS (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis latifolia leaf picture by MIGUEL CANTERO REVIEJO (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Oxalis latifolia flower picture by Josep Llacuna (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis latifolia flower picture by lurai (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis latifolia flower picture by anne verschuur (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Oxalis latifolia fruit picture by eric darras (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oxalis latifolia world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Réunion, Russian Federation, Sudan, El Salvador, Slovakia, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:375051-1
WFO ID wfo-0000387357
COL ID 75F5J
BDTFX ID 47152
INPN ID 111897
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Oxalis buchtienii Oxalis chiriquensis Acetosella lilacina Sassia latifolia Oxalis atroglandulosa Oxalis eggersii Oxalis morelosensis Oxalis stipulata Oxalis calcaria Oxalis vallicola Oxalis tenuiloba Ionoxalis intermedia Oxalis binervis Ionoxalis bipartita Ionoxalis stipitata Ionoxalis tenuiloba Ionoxalis calcaria Ionoxalis vallicola Ionoxalis attenuata Oxalis multipes Ionoxalis buchtienii Ionoxalis latifolia Oxalis lilacina Oxalis mauritiana Acetosella violacea subsp. latifolia Acetosella violacea var. albida Oxalis latifolia subsp. latifolia Oxalis latifolia

Lower taxons

Oxalis latifolia subsp. schraderiana Oxalis latifolia subsp. galeottii Oxalis latifolia subsp. vespertilionis