Oxalis purpurea L.

Purple woodsorrel (en), Oxalis pourpre (fr), Oxalide pourpre (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Oxalidales > Oxalidaceae > Oxalis

Characteristics

Stemless, somewhat robust, more or less pubescent or subhirsute, up to 15 cm high. Bulb ovoid or narrow-ovoid, acute or rarely beaked at the apex, 1.5-3 cm long, with rigid gummy blackish-brown tunics: root contractile. Leaves few or many, often spreading or prostrate: petioles terete or more rarely slightly compressed, commonly 2-8 cm long, pilose: leaflets 3,sessile, usually glabrous above, ciliate, sprinkled with numerous inconspicuous pellucid dots and streaks which turn black in drying, entirely green or sometimes glaucous and rarely purple-mottled above, more or less pilose and often deep purple beneath, the medial attenuate or tapering cuneately to the base, more or less broadly rotund in the upperpart, more rarely subrhomboid or cuneate-rhomboid, becoming sub-acute or acute at the apex (rhomboid-oblong in Form E (iii)), often emarginate or lightly incised, 0-4-4 cm long, 0-4-3 cm broad, the lateral oblique, somewhat oblong-semicircular, with the interior margin straight or retuse, smaller and in some forms only half as long as the medial. Peduncles 1-fld., shorter or longer than the leaves, usually pilose, with 2 alternate linear bracts at or below the middle. Sepals more or less lanceolate, 0-5-1 cm long, striate with longitudinal pellucid lines (darkening when dry), ciliate with simple hairs and usually with a few minute capitate hairs intermixed. Corolla 1-4 cm long, rose-purple, deep rose, various shades of pale violet, salmon, yellow, cream-coloured or white, with a narrowly cyathiform yellowish tube: laminae of the petals broadly cuneate-obovate, often obliquely subtruncate at the apex, longer than the obliquely attenuate claw. Filaments usually glandular-pilose, the longer conspicuously toothed. Ovary pubescent and callose on the upper part, the chambers many-ovuled: styles more or less pubescent, with glandular hairs on the upper half. Capsule shorter than the calyx. Seeds endospermous. Form A. Typical. Corolla rosy-purple, violaceous, white or rarely yellow. Form B. O. speciosa Jacq. Medial leaflet about as broad as long, purple below. Corolla, deep rose or yellow. Form C. Corolla pale salmon (fading to yellow and then white in drying). Form D. O. stictophylla Sond. and var. major Sond., var. hantamensis R. Knuth (not seen). Plant less hairy. Petioles sometimes slightly flattened. Corolla yellow (not fading when dried) or white.
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Apparently acaulous perennial, but with underground stem above bulb; bulb narrow-ovoid; outer scales dark brown or blackish, ± shining, viscid, with inconspicuous nerves. Lvs radical, 3-foliolate. Petiole (1)-2-10-(20) cm long, hairy; stipules 3-7 mm long, appearing as a broad wing, sometimes ciliate. Lamina of leaflets sessile, somewhat unequal, the terminal larger and 10-35-(45) × 1-37-(45) mm, broadly obovate, sometimes broader than long, glabrous above, hairy beneath and densely marked with short, black, glandular dashes when dry; margins long-ciliate; base cuneate; apex rounded; lateral leaflets somewhat asymmetric at base. Fls solitary, erect; peduncles 1-11 cm long, hairy. Bracts 2-3 mm long, linear-subulate, usually in lower 1/2 of pedicel; calli 0. Sepals 6-7.5 mm long, elliptic, with longitudinal black streaks when dried, with dense long, white cilia, otherwise glabrous; calli 0. Corolla forming a deep cup 2.5-4 × 2.5-3 cm, with a lower, tubular part; petals 2-4 cm long, ± suborbicular, glabrous except for ciliate margins; lower part yellowish; limb usually rose or purplish, sometimes white flushed pink outside. Stamens at 2 levels, glabrous; filaments with broad membranous wing, often almost to apex in shorter stamens. Styles < or > longer stamen whorl, hairy. Capsule not seen.
Perennial herb with stems hardly exserted; bulb ovoid, pointed, 1–3 cm long, tunics blackish brown, rigid, viscid, with inconspicuous veins; bulbils formed on rhizome. Indumentum of simple, eglandular hairs. Stipules membranous, to c. 4 mm long, abruptly tapering into petiole. Leaves crowded at apex of rhizome, palmately trifoliolate; petiole 1–17 cm long, usually densely villous; leaflets sessile, somewhat unequal, the terminal often larger, broad-obovate to rhombic, 5–45 mm long, 5–50 mm wide, rounded or sometimes emarginate, green and glabrous above, often purplish below with many translucent dots and streaks that dry black, pubescent or with hairs confined to veins, margins ciliate. Inflorescences basal, 1-flowered; peduncles 1–38 cm long, shorter than or scarcely exceeding leaves, usually pilose. Bracts situated usually in lower half of pedicel, linear-subulate, 2–3 mm long, calli absent. Sepals lanceolate, 5–8 mm long, striate with translucent lines, ciliate, calli absent. Petals broadly cuneate-obovate, 10–40 mm long, pink to deep magenta or sometimes white, with yellow base, glabrous except for ciliate margins. Stamens at 2 levels; filaments with broad membranous wing, glabrous. Ovary pubescent on the upper half. Styles hairy. Capsules not developed in Australia.
Herbs perennial, acaulous, rhizomes present, <slender, sparsely scaly>, stolons absent, bulb solitary, <1–2.5 cm>, or with clustered bulblets; bulb scales <black, thickened>, not prominently nerved. Leaves basal, <rarely absent at flowering>; petiole (1.5–)3–5 cm; leaflets 3, green to deep purple abaxially, green adaxially, broadly obovate to obtriangular or broadly rounded-rhombic, 10–20 mm, not lobed, <apex truncate to rounded or obtuse, rarely slightly emarginate, margins and> abaxial surface hairy, adaxial surface glabrous, oxalate deposits absent. Inflorescences 1-flowered; scapes 1.5–6(–8) cm, sparsely to moderately villous, <hairs eglandular>. Flowers tristylous; sepal apices without tubercles; petals yellow basally, usually purple to red, pink, salmon, or white, rarely yellow, distally, 25–35 mm. Capsules not seen.
Acaulescent geophyte, up to 150 mm tall. Bulb tunics gummy, blackish brown. Leaves spreading or prostrate, petioles sometimes ± compressed, leaflets 3, ± cuneate-rotund or rarely rhomboid-oblong, hairy and purple beneath, pellucid-streaked when fresh, black-streaked when dry, ciliate. Flowers 1 per peduncle with alternate bracts in lower half, purple, pink, yellow or white, with a yellow tube.
Herb, up to 150 mm tall. Leaflets and sepals with faint pellucid streaks which turn dark in drying. Corolla tube narrowly cyathiform. Bracts low down on peduncle. Flowers rose-purple, deep rose, pale violet, salmon, yellow, cream or white, tube yellow.
Acaulescent geophyte, up to 0.15 m high. Bulbs large, often gummy. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets broadly cuneate to rotund, covered with semi-transparent streaks and spots. Flowers pink or white with yellow tube. Flowering time May-Sept.
Acaulescent geophyte, bulb large, gummy. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets transversely obovate, ciliate, hairy and purple beneath, black-streaked when dry. Flowers purple, yellow or white with yellow tube.
A herb. It forms a bulb. It grows 10-15 cm high and spreads 10-15 cm wide. There are 3 rounded leaflets. The flowers are red, pink or white.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread autochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.15
Mature height (meter) 0.15
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Often grown as an ornamental, but now a weed of gardens, roadsides, cemeteries and other disturbed areas, as well as invading native vegetation such as Themeda triandra plains grassland in Victoria.
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It is a warm temperate plant. It can grow in full sun or part shade. It is damaged by frost. It suits hardiness zones 9-10.
Light -
Soil humidity 4-12
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The leaves are used to flavour food. The peeled tubers are cooked and eaten.
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Cultivated ornamental.
Uses environmental use ornamental
Edible leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from the underground bulbs.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) 14 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Oxalis purpurea leaf picture by Boy Portuguese (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis purpurea leaf picture by Dan Maxwell (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis purpurea leaf picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Oxalis purpurea flower picture by Franco-Parguiña Héctor (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis purpurea flower picture by Liz Pucket (cc-by-sa)
Oxalis purpurea flower picture by Peter Moree (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Oxalis purpurea fruit picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oxalis purpurea world distribution map, present in Australia, Algeria, Spain, France, India, Italy, Morocco, Malta, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, eSwatini, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:375321-1
WFO ID wfo-0000386705
COL ID 4BBD9
BDTFX ID 47168
INPN ID 111913
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Oxalis breviscapa Oxalis sanguinea Oxalis suggillata Oxalis venusta Oxalis arthrophylla Oxalis laevigata Oxalis laburnifolia Acetosella purpurea Oxalis breviscapa Oxalis rigidula Oxalis speciosa Oxalis speciosa Oxalis aemula Acetosella breviscapa Acetosella laburnifolia Acetosella stictophylla Acetosella variabilis Oxalis reptatrix Oxalis strictophylla Oxalis variabilis Oxalis laxula Oxalis laxula Oxalis humilis Oxalis grandiflora Oxalis purpurea